Table 4.
Mean values obtained for quality of life and motivation for exercise before and after the MPTP in each of the groups.
| EG (n = 35) | CG (n = 20) | Post Intervention (n = 55) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Δ (Pre_Post) | p | ES | Pre | Post | Δ (Pre_Post) | p | ES | Δ (CG_EG) | p | ES | |
| M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | |||||||
| Quality of Life | |||||||||||||
| SF-36 | |||||||||||||
| PF | 71.71 ± 23.79 | 84.00 ± 16.97 | −12.29 ± 6.82 | 0.000 ** | 0.26 | 56.75 ± 27.69 | 60.84 ± 27.53 | −4.09 ± 0.16 | 0.103 | 0.05 | −23.2 ± 10.6 | 0.000 ** | 0.26 |
| PR | 78.71 ± 33.83 | 92.14 ± 23.30 | −13.43 ± 10.53 | 0.039 * | 0.08 | 55.00 ± 43.38 | 51.58 ± 36.45 | 3.42 ± 6.92 | 0.466 | 0.01 | −40.6 ± 13.2 | 0.000 ** | 0.32 |
| BP | 69.11 ± 23.54 | 75.83 ± 22.56 | −6.71 ± 0.98 | 0.127 | 0.04 | 58.95 ± 29.25 | 49.74 ± 25.30 | 9.21 ± 3.95 | 0.090 | 0.05 | −26.1 ± 2.74 | 0.000 ** | 0.23 |
| GH | 60.34 ± 17.89 | 67.54 ± 18.88 | −7.20 ± −0.99 | 0.046 * | 0.67 | 52.80 ± 19.66 | 50.89 ± 17.64 | 1.91 ± 2.02 | 0.669 | 0.05 | −16.6 ± −1.23 | 0.003 ** | 0.16 |
| V | 69.11 ± 19.26 | 78.86 ± 17.74 | −9.74 ± 1.52 | 0.012 * | 0.12 | 58.75 ± 24.11 | 57.74 ± 18.21 | 1.01 ± 5.89 | 0.694 | 0.00 | −21.1 ± 0.47 | 0.000 ** | 0.25 |
| ER | 80.97 ± 32.65 | 89.51 ± 27.77 | −8.54 ± 4.88 | 0.229 | 0.03 | 45.00 ± 46.26 | 60.26 ± 34.74 | −15.26 ± 11.51 | 0.182 | 0.03 | −29.3 ± 6.98 | 0.001 ** | 0.18 |
| SF | 80.86 ± 20.34 | 85.49 ± 17.72 | −4.63 ± 2.62 | 0.218 | 0.03 | 65.80 ± 24.19 | 68.95 ± 26.87 | −3.15 ± −2.68 | 0.648 | 0.00 | −16.5 ± 9.15 | 0.009 ** | 0.13 |
| MH | 77.83 ± 19.09 | 78.74 ± 14.93 | −0.91 ± 4.17 | 0.797 | 0.00 | 57.20 ± 24.93 | 58.95 ± 20.26 | −1.75 ± 4.67 | 0.760 | 0.00 | −19.8 ± 5.33 | 0.000 ** | 0.24 |
| Motivation for exercise | |||||||||||||
| Intri. R. | 4.31 ± 0.95 | 4.73 ± 0.37 | −0.42 ± 0.57 | 0.006 ** | 0.14 | 3.80 ± 1.33 | 3.70 ± 1.25 | 0.11 ± 0.08 | 0.591 | 0.01 | −1.03 ± 0.88 | 0.000 ** | 0.28 |
| Inte. R. | 4.39 ± 0.90 | 4.17 ± 0.77 | 0.22 ± 0.12 | 0.197 | 0.03 | 3.83 ± 1.51 | 3.66 ± 1.26 | 0.17 ± 0.26 | 0.471 | 0.01 | −0.51 ± 0.49 | 0.068 | 0.06 |
| Id. R. | 4.40 ± 1.01 | 4.81 ± 0.38 | −0.41 ± 0.64 | 0.009 ** | 0.12 | 4.37 ± 1.12 | 4.04 ± 1.07 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.915 | 0.01 | −0.77 ± 0.69 | 0.000 ** | 0.22 |
| Intro. R. | 3.06 ± 1.14 | 2.85 ± 1.18 | 0.21 ± −0.04 | 0.328 | 0.02 | 2.79 ± 1.16 | 2.60 ± 1.16 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.488 | 0.01 | −0.26 ± −0.03 | 0.439 | 0.01 |
| Ext. R. | 2.18 ± 1.20 | 1.81 ± 1.10 | 0.37 ± 0.11 | 0.082 | 0.06 | 2.15 ± 1.01 | 1.86 ± 0.77 | 0.29 ± 0.24 | 0.295 | 0.02 | 0.049 ± −0.33 | 0.862 | 0.00 |
| Des | 2.23 ± 1.45 | 1.58 ± 0.77 | 0.65 ± 0.68 | 0.003 ** | 0.15 | 1.51 ± 0.59 | 1.91 ± 1.00 | −0.41 ± −0.41 | 0.156 | 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.23 | 0.171 | 0.04 |
| RAI | 13.79 ± 6.64 | 14.17 ± 7.03 | −0.37 ± −0.39 | 0.714 | 0.00 | 10.62 ± 6.64 | 11.61 ± 6.09 | −0.99 ± 0.55 | 0.462 | 0.01 | −2.56 ± −0.94 | 0.179 | 0.03 |
| DAI | 11.64 ± 3.85 | 11.64 ± 4.00 | −0.01 ± −0.15 | 0.992 | 0.00 | 9.50 ± 4.12 | 9.87 ± 3.87 | −0.37 ± 0.24 | 0.621 | 0.00 | −1.77 ± −0.13 | 0.116 | 0.05 |
Note: M = mean; SD = standard deviation; sec = seconds; cm = centimeters; meters = meters; Kg = kilograms; * = statistical difference p < 0.05; ** = statistical difference p < 0.01; ES= effect size; Δ = difference; Abd.P. = abdominal perimeter; SPBB = short physical performance battery; FT = balance test feet together; T = tandem balance; ST = semi-tandem balance; 4 mGSs = test gait speed of 4 m; GUS5 = test of getting up and sitting on a chair 5 times; TUG = timed up and go; 6 mGS = 6 m gait speed test; HG_L = left hand grip strength; HG_R = right hand grip strength; HG_M = mean manual grip strength; HG_M_R = relative hand grip strength; 2 Mst = 2 min step walk in place two minutes; FEV1 = maximum expired volume in first second. More specifically, after the older adults underwent the MPTP, it was possible to observe how the mean score for each and every one of the dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire was higher in the EG than in the CG, experiencing an increase in the score levels of 38.06% for the PF, 78.64% for PR, 52.46% in the BP dimension, 32.71% in the GH dimension, 36.58% in V, 48.54% for the ER dimension, 23.99% in SF and 33.58 % for MH dimension. In addition, in this same analysis, when studying and comparing the scores obtained by the EG before and after the application of the EM, differences were observed in the dimensions of PF (p = 0.000), PR (0.039), GH (p = 0.046), and vitality (p = 0.012). In all cases, this EG increased the mean scores obtained (Table 3). Finally, in the case of the CG, when comparing their scores before and after this period of EM, no significant differences were observed in any of the scores obtained (p > 0.05). To conclude, in this same Table 4, when comparing the results obtained in the BREQ-3 questionnaire on the motivation towards physical exercise, it was possible to verify how when comparing the values of the mean score for the dimensions of Intri.R. (p = 0.000) and Id. R. (p = 0.000) there were significant differences between the EG and CG after the ME period. More specifically, the EG showed higher values in each and every one of these dimensions with a percentage of 27.97% and 9.29%, respectively. However, along the same lines as the results presented above, when comparing the values of the mean scores obtained by the EG before and after the EM period, significant differences were observed for the dimensions of Intri.R. (p = 0.006), Id.R. (p = 0.009) and demotivation (p = 0.003). These differences showed an increase in the mean values of 9.78% for Intr.R. and 9.28% for Id.R., while for the DE dimension a decrease of 29.15% in the initial value obtained was observed.