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. 2023 Jan 31;24(3):2667. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032667

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Ultrastructure of AVICs populating stenotic hAVLs. (A) Ribosomes (black/white arrowheads) embedded within PPM/PPL in a mineralizing hAVIC. (B,C) Immunogold labelling of rRNA with gold particles decorating peripheral PPLs. (D) Immunogold labelling of rRNA showing gold particles within PPM/PPLs in a hAVIC undergone advanced calcific degeneration. (E) Immunogold labelling of rRNA showing gold particles onto a PPL lining a vesicle-shaped cell byproduct. Inset: magnification of the PPL-squared region. Bar: 0.25 μm (A–E); 0.1 μm ((E) inset.

Ultrastructure of AVICs populating stenotic hAVLs. (A) Ribosomes (black/white arrowheads) embedded within PPM/PPL in a mineralizing hAVIC. (B,C) Immunogold labelling of rRNA with gold particles decorating peripheral PPLs. (D) Immunogold labelling of rRNA showing gold particles within PPM/PPLs in a hAVIC undergone advanced calcific degeneration. (E) Immunogold labelling of rRNA showing gold particles onto a PPL lining a vesicle-shaped cell byproduct. Inset: magnification of the PPL-squared region. Bar: 0.25 μm (A–E); 0.1 μm ((E) inset.