Table 2.

Commonly used cells in in vitro co-culture BBB models.

Cells	Inference	Reference
Human induced pluripotent (hiPSC) and multipotent cells (neural stem cells)	High TEER (2500 Ωcm2); complex in vivo-like tight junction network	[125]
iPSC and GM25256 cells	High TEER (1560 Ωcm2 ± 230 Ωcm2); TJ protein and endothelial marker expression	[138]
Human hCMEC/D3	Feasible alternative to primary ECs in in vitro BBB models	[139]
bEnd.3 and glial cells	Intact BBB model with 178.4 ± 10 Ωcm2 TEER	[133]
bEnd.3 and glial cells	TEER ~400 Ωcm2	[134]
bEnd.3 and glial cells	TEER ~600 Ωcm2	[63]
ECs and pericytes	Occludin gene expression	[95]
Human ECs and pericytes	TEER ~3500 Ωcm2	[140]
Bovine ECs and rat astrocytes	TEER ~850 Ωcm2	[119]
Porcine ECs and rat astrocytes	TEER ~1693 Ωcm2	[122]
Monkey ECs and rat astrocytes, pericytes	TEER~150 Ωcm2	[84]