Table 1.

Summary of IHC biomarkers associated with chemoresistance and prognosis in EOC.

Biomarker	FIGO Stage	Study Design	Cut-Off Score of Expression	Outcome Measured	Clinical Indicator	Reference
VEGF	I–III	NR	10%	PFS, OS	Early detection of poor prognosis	[29,30,31]
P53	I–IV	NR	≥10%	OS	Poor survival	[32,33,34]
MIB1/KI67	1–IV	NR	≥50%	PFS	Poor survival	[33,35,36]
Chk2	I–IV	RC	≥50%	Chemotherapy response	Predicts good response to platinum-based chemotherapy	[37,38]
Notch3	I–II	RC	≥50%	Chemotherapy response, OS	Chemoresistance, poor OS	[39,40]
COX-1, COX- 2	NR	RC	>30%	OS	Poor OS indicator	[41,42]
BRCA1	NR	RC	≥10%	PFS, OS	Positive prognostic factor Predicts good response to platinum-based chemotherapy	[43]
PD-L1 & PD-L2	NR	RC	>20%	PFS, OS	Negative prognostic factor	[44,45]

Abbreviations: EOC, Epithelial Ovarian Cancer; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; RC, retrospective cohort; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; NR, not reported.