Figure 3.

Impact of caffeine and EE housing on novel object recognition memory in Tg4-42 mice. Schematic illustration depicting the testing paradigm (a). The novel object recognition task (NOR) was used to assess recognition memory. All groups spent an equal amount of time with each of the identical objects on day one of the NOR (b), while during the testing phase on day two all treatment groups showed significant preference for the novel compared to the familiar object (c). Calculation of the discrimination index (DI) revealed that all treatment groups performed significantly better than untreated Tg4-42 mice (d). All data are expressed as mean ± SD. (d) One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, (b,c) Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test; **** p < 0.0001. Data from vehicle- and caffeine-treated SH and vehicle-treated EE Tg4-42 groups have been partially included in previous studies [7,39] and were part of a larger set of experiments in order to minimize experimental animal numbers.