Table 3.

NOX4 implication in cell metabolism regulation.

Cell Type/Tissue	Biological Effect	Cellular Effects	References
Non small lung cancer	GLUT1 expression ↑ LDHA expression ↑ PKM2 expression ↑	Glucose metabolism ↑ Glycolysis ↑ PPP ↑ Glutamine ↑ GSH production ↑	[98]
Glioblastoma specimens	NOX4 expression ↑ FOXM1 ↑ HIF1α ↑	Aerobic glycolysis ↑	[99]
Glioblastoma	GLUT1 ↑ HK2 expression ↑ LDHA expression ↑ PDK1 expression ↑	Survival ↑ Glycolysis ↑ EMT ↑ Proliferation ↑ Infiltration ↑	[102,105]
Neuroblastoma cell	NOX4 expression ↑ HIF1α ↑ LDHA expression ↑ PDK1 expression ↑ Glucose uptake ↑ Ki-67 expression ↑ PCNA expression ↑	Glycolysis ↑ Cell growth	[103]
Papillary thyroid cancer	mtROS generation ↑ HIF1α ↑ SLC2A1 ↑	Metabolic reprogramming Glycolysis ↑	[104]
Renal Carcinoma tissue and cells	NOX4 expression ↑ PKM2 expression ↑ mtROS ↑	Metabolic reprogramming Aerobic glycolysis ↑	[93]
Prostate cancer patients and cells	NOX4 expression ↑	Glycolysis ↑	[106]
Human aortic ECs	NOX4 expression↑ HIF1α ↑ PDK1 expression ↑	Glycolysis ↑ Hexosamine biosynthesis ↑ FAO ↑ Mitochondrial respiration ↓ Metabolic reprogramming	[107,108]
Cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNPs)	NOX4 expression↑ HIF1α ↑ Cyclin D2 expression ↑	Glycolysis ↑ Proliferation ↑	[109]
Neutrophil	[Lactate] ↑ PKM2 expression ↑	Glycolysis ↑ Warburg effect	[110]

GLUT1: glucose transporter 1; LDHA: lactate dehydrogenase A; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M2; PPP: pentose phosphate pathway; GSH: glutathione; FOXM1: Forkhead box M1; HIF1α: Hypoxic Inducible Factor 1 α; HK2: Hexokinase II; PDK1: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1; EMT: Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition; mtROS: mitochondrial ROS.