Table 5.
Select phytoconstituents of M. oleifera isolated through various techniques.
| Constituents | Concentrations # | Category | Technique Used | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAVES | ||||
| Isoquercetin | 1575.28 μg/g (w/w) | Flavonoids | UPLC-ESI-MS/MS | [181] |
| Astragalin | 0.153 μg/g (w/w) | Flavonoids | HPLC | [182] |
| Isorhamnetin | 2.9 mg/g (w/w) | Flavonoids | HPLC | [183] |
| Daidzein | ND * | Flavonoid | HPLC | [183] |
| Apigenin | ND * | Aglycone | HPLC | [184] |
| Luteolin | ND * | Flavonoid | HPLC | [184] |
| Genistein | ND * | Flavonoid | HPLC | [184] |
| 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy) benzyl glucosinolate | 33.9 mg/g | Glucosinolates | LC/MS | [184] |
| 4-[(2′ -O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] Glucosinolate | 21.84 to 59.4 mg/g | Glucosinolates | HPLC | [184] |
| Epicatechin | 5.68 mg/g | Flavonoid | HPLC | [184] |
| Ferulic acid | 0.078 mg/g | Phenolic acid | HPLC | [184] |
| Caffeic acid | 0.409 mg/g | Phenolic acid | HPLC | [184] |
| Ellagic acid | 0.018 mg/g | Phenolic acid | HPLC & MS/MS | [185] |
| Sinalbin | 2.36 mg/g | Glucosinolates | HPLC | [185] |
| Sinapic acid | ND | Phenolic acid | HPLC &MS/MS | [185] |
| Chlorogenic acid | 0.018 mg/g | Phenolic acid | HPLC &MS/MS | [185] |
| Gallic acid | 1.034 mg/g | Phenolic acid | HPLC &MS/MS | [186] |
| Salicylic acid | 0.14 μg/g | Phenolic acid | HPLC GC MS | [186] |
| Vicenin-2 | 193.43 ng/mg | Flavonoid | HPLC PDA | [187] |
| Quercetin-3-O-(6′′-malonyl) glucoside | ND * | Flavonoid | HPLC DAD | [188] |
| Pyrrolemarumine-4′′ -O-α-Lrhamnopyranoside | NA ^ | Pyrole alkaloid | NMR | [189] |
| 4-[(4′ -O-Acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl] | 2.16 to 5.0 mg/g | Glucosinolates | HPLC | [190] |
| SEEDS | ||||
| Niazimicin | NA ^ | Isothiocyanates | HPLC | [173] |
| Niazirin | NA ^ | Isothiocyanates | HPLC | [173] |
| ROOTS | ||||
| Arachidic acid | ND * | Fatty acid | GC-MS | [190] |
| BARK | ||||
| β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside | 26.67 mg/g | Glucoside | HPTLC | [190] |
ND—not detected; NA—not available; * lower but appreciable amount present; ^ compounds were isolated, but data not available; # the concentration of the constituent may vary according to geographical location.