Table 4.

Chemokine expression in the brain of patients with SZ.

Research	Analyzed Chemokines	Sample	Brain Region	Method	Results
Fillman et al. (2013) [47]	CXCL8 (IL-8)	20 SZ vs. 20 HS	DLPFC (BA 46)	RT–PCR	↓
Fillman et al. (2014) [48]	CXCL8	35 SZ vs. 35 HS vs. 35 BD	Middle frontal gyrus	RT–PCR	↓
Volk et al. (2015) [49]	CXCL8	62 SZ vs. 62 HS	Prefrontal cortex (BA 9)	RT–PCR	–
Pandey et al. (2018) [50]	CXCL8	31 SZ vs. 24 HS	Prefrontal cortex (BA 9)	Western blot and RT–PCR	↓ (protein levels) – (mRNA levels)
Purves-Tyson et al. (2021) [51]	CXCL8	28 SZ vs. 29 HS	Substantia nigra	RT–PCR	–
Zhu Y. et al. (2022) [52]	CCL2, CXCL8	72 SZ vs. 69 HS	DLPFC (BA 46)	RT–PCR	CCL2↑ CXCL8 ↓
Zhu et al. (2022) [53]	CXCL8	35 SZ vs. 35 HS	Ventral midbrain	RT–PCR	–
Childers et al. (2022) [54]	CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CCL2	Two RNAseq datasets used: PolyA: 183 HS vs. 168 SZ; RiboZ: 194 HS vs. 142 SZ;	DLPFC	Reanalysis of RNAseq datasets	↑ in the Type 2 SZ subgroup (proinflammatory).
Nakatani et al. (2006) [55]	CCL3	7 SZ vs. 7 HS	DLPFC (BA 46)	RT–PCR	↓
Schmitt et al. (2010) [56]	CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, CXCL8	10 SZ vs. 10 HS	Superior temporal cortex (BA 22)	Microarray	↓
Hill et al. (2021) [57]	CX3CL1	35 SZ vs. 35 HS	DLPFC	Western blot and ddPCR	↓ (protein levels) – (mRNA levels)
Weissleder et al. (2020) [58]	CXCL12	33 SZ vs. 32 BD vs. 33 HS	Subependymal zone and caudate nucleus	RT–PCR	↓
Toritsuka et al. (2013) [59]	CXCL12	18 SZ vs. 18 HS	Olfactory neuronal layer	Microarray	↓
Gandal et al. (2018) [60]	Numerous CC, CXC, C, and CX3C chemokines	159 SZ vs. 293 HS	Cerebral cortex	Meta- analysis of microarray data	CCL3, CCL4, CXCL12, CXCL14, and CX3CL1 ↓ CCL23 ↑

Abbreviations: BA—Brodmann area, BD—bipolar disorder, ddPCR—droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, DLPFC—dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, HS—healthy subjects, SZ—schizophrenia patients, RT–PCR—reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, ↑—statistically significantly increased level, ↓—statistically significantly decreased level, “–”—not significant changes.