Table 2.
Anti-metabolic syndrome and anti-inflammatory effects of grape phytochemicals.
| Grape Phytochemicals | Effects | Subjects | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wine | Health-improving effects of wine | Human | [74] |
| Resveratrol | Maintaining health condition in high calorie intake |
Mouse/ D. melanogaster/ C. elegans/ S. cerevisiae |
[75] |
| Reducing risks of NAFLD and gut dysbiosis | Mouse | [76] | |
| Atherosclerosis prevention | Human | [83] | |
| Red wine polyphenol | Atherosclerosis prevention, effects in vascular smooth muscle cells |
Human and Bovine endothelial cells |
[77] |
| Red wine bioactive compound | Anti-oxidative, thrombin inhibition, lipase inhibition |
Cells/Activity screening kit | [78] |
| Flavonoids | Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenesis, circulatory system disease prevention |
Human | [79] |
| Alleviating collagen-induced arthritis | Mouse | [84] | |
| Anti-ageing | Human | [85] | |
| Grape phytochemicals, GSE, K-FGF |
Alleviating intestine related disordered | Human/ Rat/Mouse |
[80] |
| Grape seed extract (GSE) | Lung fibrosis prevention | Mouse | [81] |
| Grape seed flan-3-ols | Analysis of biosynthetic pathways in nutraceuticals |
Physical analysis | [82] |
| Procyanidin | Preventing senescence | Mouse/ Human cells |
[86] |