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mRNA lipid nanoparticles’ (mRNA-LNPs) site of intramuscular administration and modes of action of the mRNA-LNPs. mRNA-LNP vaccines can transfect muscle cells and transfect the tissue-resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs) near the injection site. Additionally, mRNA-LNP vaccines can flow into lymph nodes (LNs) and transfect the LN-resident cells, resulting in activation of T and B cells. Adapted with permission from [25].
