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. 2023 Feb 1;24(3):2721. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032721

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Gene expression of the inflammatory marker COX-2 and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-12 into the culture medium of HaCaT cells following LPS treatment (at 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 µg/mL) for 24 h and 48 h. (A,B) COX-2 gene expression at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The values were expressed as 2(−ΔΔCt) and were normalized to β-actin and GAPDH as housekeeping genes. (C–F) Release of IL-8 (ng/mL) and IL-12 (pg/mL) at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. All of the data are presented as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test. (* p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001 vs. CTRL).