Table 1.

A list of some in vitro thrombosis models.

Type of In Vitro Model	Application	Reference
Parallel-plate flow chamber with endothelial cells matrix-covered surface	Compare various low-molecular-weight heparin and a pentasaccharide for suitability in the in vitro thrombosis model	[43]
Parallel-plate flow chamber-based model with fibrin- or fibrinogen-coated surface	Compare and characterize platelet adhesion to fibrin- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces under controlled flow	[26]
Parallel-plate flow chamber-based model with collagen- or plaque-coated surface	Compare the thrombogenic effect of different collagen fibers to atherosclerotic plaque	[30]
Flow chamber-based model with fibrinogen- or vWF-coated surface	Identify the mechanism of platelet adhesion to fibrinogen and vWF	[27]
Flow chamber-based model with collagen-coated surface	Identify the role of human collagen receptors GPVI and α2β1 in thrombus formation	[29]
Fibrinogen-coated flow chambers	Assess platelet adhesion and aggregation following incubation with H2-rich saline	[44]
Microfluidic-based device with blood flow under pathophysiological shear rate	Measurement of coagulation and platelet function	[34]
Microfluidic-based device with collagen-coated glass substrate	Measurement of platelet adhesion and blood viscosity	[35]
Microfluidic lung chip device lined with primary human alveolar epithelium	Monitor pulmonary thrombosis development and evaluate the effect of different pro-thrombotic and anti-thrombotic factors	[45]
Microfluidic device mimicking human venous valves	Develop a venous valvular stasis model and study the effect of platelets and red blood cells on thrombus development	[39]
Occlusive thrombosis-on-a-chip microfluidic device	Evaluation of anti-thrombotic drugs	[33]
Collagen-coated capillary with controlled rheological conditions	Examine the role of thrombin in platelet recruitment and thrombus stabilization	[46]
Collagen-coated glass stenosis model	Describe the structure of arterial thrombi	[47]
Endothelialized microfluidic device	Study the mechanism of FeCl3-induced thrombosis	[48]
Endothelialized microfluidic device	Study the effect of microplastics on thrombus properties	[49]
Endothelialized microfluidic device	A bioassay for hematological disorders and evaluating drug efficacy	[32]
In vitro human plasma clot formation assay	Compare the effect of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on the coagulation pathway and thrombus formation	[50]
3D-bioprinted thrombosis on a chip model coated with human endothelium embedded in a hydrogel	Develop a highly human biomimetic thrombosis model and study its pathophysiology and potential drug efficacy assessment	[51]
3D-printed microfluidic chip coated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells	Recapitulate the three-dimensional structure of healthy and stenotic coronary arteries and assess platelet aggregation	[52]
Annular and rectangular perfusion chambers with steady flow	Study the effect of endothelial cells activation on thrombus formation	[53]
Multiplate aggregometer and platelet function analyzer (PFA-100)	Test platelet aggregation to investigate cilostazol’s anti-platelet effect	[54]
Blood-shearing device	Study the influence of non-physiological stress on platelets and vWF	[42]