Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies of effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines
| Country | Vaccines | Primary series or booster | Outcome measure | Variant | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andeweg (2022)25 | The Netherlands | mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and Ad26.CoV2.S | Primary series and booster | Infections | Delta and omicron |
| Andrejko (2022)26 | USA | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Andrews (2022)27 | UK | BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Delta |
| Andrews (2022)28 | England | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Delta and omicron |
| Baum (2022)29 | Finland | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Hospitalisations | Delta and omicron |
| Bedston (2022)30 | UK | BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Berec (2022)31 | Czech Republic | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Non-specific |
| Britton (2022)32 | USA | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.CoV2.S | Primary series | Infections | Delta |
| Bruxvoort (2021)33 | USA | mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Delta |
| Buchan (2022)34 | Canada | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Delta and omicron |
| Carazo (2022)35 | Canada | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Omicron |
| Carazo (2022)36 | Canada | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Omicron |
| Carazo (2022)37 | Canada | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Omicron |
| Castillo (2022)38 | France | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Delta |
| Cerqueira-Silva (2022)39 | Brazil | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and Ad26.CoV2.S | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Cerqueira-Silva (2022)40 | Brazil | BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 | Primary series | Infections | Omicron |
| Cerqueira-Silva (2022)41 | Brazil and Scotland | BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 | Booster | Infections | Omicron |
| Cerqueira-Silva (2022)42 | Brazil | CoronaVac, BNT162b2, and ChAdOx1 | Booster | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Omicron |
| Chambers (2022)43 | Canada | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Non-specific |
| Chemaitelly (2022)44 | Qatar | BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Delta |
| Chemaitelly (2022)45 | Qatar | BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Omicron |
| Chemaitelly (2022)46 | Qatar | BNT162b2 | Booster | Infections | Omicron |
| Chung (2022)47 | Canada | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Hospitalisations | Delta |
| Collie (2022)48 | South Africa | BNT162b2 | Primary series and booster | Hospitalisations | Omicron |
| Consonni (2022)49 | Italy | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Booster | Infections | Omicron |
| De Gier (2021)50 | The Netherlands | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Hospitalisations | Delta |
| El Adam (2022)51 | Canada | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| El Sahly (2021)52 | USA | mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Ferdinands (2022)53 | USA | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Omicron |
| Florea (2021)54 | USA | mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Non-specific |
| Glatman-Freedman (2022)55 | Israel | BNT162b2 | Booster | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Omicron |
| Gram (2022)56 | Denmark | BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 | Primary series and booster | Infections and hospitalisations | Delta and omicron |
| Gray (2022)57 | South Africa | BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Hospitalisation | Omicron |
| Hall (2022)58 | UK | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Hansen (2022)59 | Denmark | BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 | Primary series and booster | Infections and hospitalisations | Omicron |
| Horne (2022)60 | England | BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Non-specific |
| Katikireddi (2021)61 | Scotland | ChAdOx1 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Kirsebom (2022)62 | England | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series and booster | Infections and hospitalisations | Omicron |
| Kirsebom (2022)63 | England | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S, and mRNA-1273 | Booster | Infections | Omicron |
| Kissling (2022)64 | Croatia, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, England, and Scotland | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Delta |
| Lauring (2022)65 | USA | BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Hospitalisations | Non-specific |
| Lin (2022)66 | USA | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Delta and omicron |
| Lin (2022)67 | USA | BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Non-specific |
| Lind (2022)68 | USA | BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Omicron |
| Lind (2022)69 | USA | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Alpha and delta |
| Lyngse (2022)70 | Denmark | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Delta |
| Lytras (2022)71 | Greece | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Mortality | Non-specific |
| Machado (2021)72 | Portugal | BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Non-specific |
| Nielsen (2022)73 | Denmark | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Omicron |
| Ng (2022)74 | Singapore | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Delta |
| Nordstrom (2022)75 | Sweden | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Nyberg (2022)76 | England | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series and booster | Hospitalisations and mortality | Delta and omicron |
| Petras (2022)77 | Prague | BNT162b2 and Ad26.CoV2.S ChAdOx1 and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Poukka (2022)78 | Finland | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Delta |
| Richterman (2022)79 | USA | mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 | Booster | Infections | Omicron |
| Robles-Fontan (2022)80 | Puerto Rico | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections, hospitalisations, and mortality | Non-specific |
| Rosenberg (2022)81 | USA | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Non-specific |
| Skowronski (2021)82 | Canada | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Delta |
| Sobieszczyk (2022)83 | USA, Chile, and Peru | ChAdOx1 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Starrfelt (2022)84 | Norway | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Non-specific |
| Stowe (2022)85 | England | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series and booster | Hospitalisations | Delta and omicron |
| Suphanchaimat (2022)86 | Thailand | CoronaVac, BNT162b2, and ChAdOx1 | Booster | Infections | Delta |
| Syed (2022)87 | Qatar | BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Tartof (2022)88 | USA | BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections and hospitalisations | Non-specific |
| Thomas (2021)89 | Global | BNT162b2 | Primary series | Infections | Non-specific |
| Thompson (2021)90 | USA | BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S, and mRNA-1273 | Primary series | Hospitalisations | Non-specific |
| Tseng (2022)91 | USA | mRNA-1273 | Booster | Infections and hospitalisations | Omicron |