Table 1.

Effect of growth factors present in PRP.

Name	Abbreviation	Cell Source	Functions	References
Epidermal growth factor	EGF	Platelets, macrophages, epithelial cells, eosinophils	Proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells	Ren, Xiaochen, et al., 2020 [32]
Transforming growth factor- beta	TGF-β	Platelets, macrophages, osteoblasts, immune chondrocytes, T lymphocytes	Fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, bone matrix formation, inhibition of bone resorption	Elder and Thomason, 2014 [33]
Insulin-like growth factor	IFG	Plasma, epithelial, and endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, smooth muscle, osteoblasts, bone matrix	Fibroblast chemotaxis, proliferation and osteoblast differentiation, bone matrix formation, the growth and repair of skeletal muscle	Creaney and Hamilton, 2008 [34] Martínez et al., 2016 [35] Kleplová et al., 2014 [36]
Vascular endothelial growth factor	VEGF	Basophils	Angiogenesis of endothelial cells, migration, and mitotic cells, chemotaxis of macrophages and granulocytes, the vasodilation	Bai et al., 2014 [37] Yamakawa et al., 2019 [38]
Platelet derived growth factor	PDGF	Platelets, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, bone matrix, epithelial cells, endothelial cells,	Mitogenesis, angiogenesis, regulation of function of other cells and growth factors (stimulation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts, induction of cell differentiation, catalyzing the effects of other growth factors on other cells macrophages)	Martínez et al., 2016 [35] Kleplová et al., 2014 [36]
Connective Tissue Growth Factor	CTGF	Platelets through endocytosis from extracellular environment in bone marrow	Promotes angiogenesis, cartilage regeneration, fibrosis, and platelet adhesion	Nikolidakis et al., 2008 [39] Chen, Zihao, et al., 2020 [40]
basic Fibroblast Growth Factor	bFGF	bone marrow stem cells, macrophages	Stimulate bone marrow stem cells’ differentiation into bone; indicate severe bone lesions; induce calcium deposition; support bone marrow stem cells’ expansion	Kawaguchi et al., 2010 [41] Hata et al., 2013 [42] Bai et al., 2014 [37] Cheng et al., 2014 [43]