Table 2.
Effects of telemedicine-based interventions in persons with diabetes.
| Author and Year | Sample CG/IG |
Control Group | Intervention Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Type | HbA1c at Baseline (%) | Reduction in HbA1c over Time (%) | |||||
| Frias et al., 2017 [19] | 29/80 | Usual care | Telemonitoring | 9.54 (SD = 0.19) | 3 months −0.50 (SD = 0.20) |
- | - |
| Benson et al., 2019 [20] | 60/64 | Usual care | Telemonitoring + e-consulting |
8.1 (SD = 1.55) | 3 months −0.21 (SD = 0.25) |
- | - |
| Buysse et al., 2020 [21] | 72/81 | Usual care | Telemonitoring + e-consulting |
8.30 (SD = 1.58) | - | - | 24 months −0.40 (CI = −1–0.2) * |
| Baron et al., 2017 [22] | 36/45 | Usual care | Telemonitoring + e-consulting |
9.07 (SD = 1.72) | 3 months 8.76 (SD = 1.70) |
9 months 8.56 (SD = 1.64) |
- |
| Lee et al., 2020 [23] | 120/120 | Usual care | Telemonitoring | 9.00 (CI = 8.97–9.03) |
3 months −0.14 (CI = −0.24–0.04) |
6 months −0.69 (CI = −0.74–−0.65) |
12 months −0.33 (CI = −0.37–−0.29) |
| Duruturk et al., 2019 [24] | 21/23 | Usual care | Telemedicine | 7.14 (SD = 0.91) | 6 weeks −1.21 (SD = 0.78) |
- | - |
| Jeong et al., 2018 [25] | 113/113 | Usual care | Telemedicine | 8.39 (SD = 1.10) | - | 6 months −0.66 (SD = 1.09) |
- |
| von Storch et al., 2019 [26] | 55/60 | Usual care | Telemedicine + self-management program |
7.05 (SD = 0.98) | 3 months −0.46 (SD = 0.75) * |
- | - |
| Oseran et al., 2022 [27] | 130/130 | Usual care | E-consulting with endocrinologist | 9.50 (SD = 0.90) | 6 months −0.83 (SD = 1.41) |
12 months −0.75 (SD = 1.48) |
18 months −0.85 (SD = 1.42) |
| Warren et al., 2018 [28] | 63/63 | Usual care | Telemedicine | 8.40 (CI = 7.80–9.00) |
- | 6 months 7.5 (CI = 6.90–8.20) |
- |
| Sarayani et al., 2018 [29] | 44/40 | Usual care | Telemonitoring | 7.84 (SD = 1.17) | 3 months 6.97 (SD = 1.14) * |
9 months 6.96 (SD = 1.44) |
|
| Franc et al., 2020 [30] | 221/213 | Usual care | Telemonitoring | 9.10 (SD = 1.00) | - | - | 12 months −0.51 (CI= −0.73–−0.30) * |
| Parsons et al., 2019 [31] | 116/108 | Usual care | Self-monitoring + telecare | 8.60 (SD = 1.15) | 3 months −0.47 (CI = −0.68–0.25) * |
6 months −0.71 (CI = −0.98–−0.44) * |
12 months −0.87 (CI = −1.19–0.55) * |
CG = control group; IG = intervention group; SD = standard deviation; CI = 95% confidence interval. * Statistically significant.