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. 2023 Jan 23;12(3):891. doi: 10.3390/jcm12030891

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Signaling pathways induced by anti-β2-GPI antibodies. Scheme depicting the major intracellular signaling pathways triggered by anti-β2-GPI antibodies via TLRs and/or LRP6 through lipid rafts (dotted circle), implicated in the procoagulant endothelial cell phenotype characterized by the expression of TF. Lipid raft-targeted drugs act on cholesterol either as cholesterol depletors (MβCDs) or cholesterol synthesis inhibitors (statins). Annexin A2 (ANXA2); anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2-GPI antibodies); beta-catenin (β-catenin); cholesterol (Chol); interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinases (IRAKs); LDL receptor related protein 6 (LRP6); methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD); myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88); nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB); protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2); tissue factor (TF); toll-like receptors (TLRs); TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6).