Table 1.
Study and Patients’ characteristics.
| Author/y | Study Design | Country | PCOS Dx | NAFLD Dx | N Total | N PCOS | N NAFLD in PCOS | Age | BMI kg/m2 | TG mg/dL | Metabolic Syndrome, n (%) | Obesity, n (%) | T2DM, n (%) | Weight Circumference (cm) | HOMA-IR | FAI | Total Testosterone nmol/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [51] Cerda 2007 | Cohort | Chile | Rotterdam | US | 72 | 41 | 17 | 24.6 (7.2) | 30.3 (7.07) | 125.5 (96.6) | 6 (14.6) | 24 (58.5) | 3 (7.3) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [54] Gambarin-Gelwan 2007 | Case-series | USA | NIH | US | 88 | 88 | 48 | 31.4 | 26.9 | 97 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.04 | NR | NR |
| [26] Markou 2010 | Case-control | Greece | Rotterdam | CT-Scan | 34 | 17 | 0 | 25.1 (1) | 20.9 (0.5) | 55.7 (5.2) | NR | NR | NR | 73.1 (2.3) | 2.17 (0.29) | 6.7 (1.1) | 0.023 (0.0027) |
| [29] Ma 2011 | Cross-sectional | China | Rotterdam | US | 117 | 117 | 46 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1.84 (0.9) |
| [19] Eldesoky 2012 | Case-series | Egypt | Rotterdam | US | 63 | 63 | 27 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 46 (73) | 18 (28.5) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [22] Karoli 2012 | Cross-sectional | India | Rotterdam | US | 109 | 54 | 36 | 28.5 (6.2) | 27.2 (5.4) | 136 (24) | 19 (35) | NR | NR | NR | 3.2 (1.7) | NR | 2.9 (0.7) |
| [48] Zueff 2012 | Case-control | Brasil | Rotterdam | US | 90 | 45 | 33 | 31.6 (4.1) | 34.7 (2.9) | 102.5 (80.5–163) | NR | NR | NR | 103.71 (8.83) | NR | 10.4 (6.9–16.9) | 2.97 (2.13–7.06) |
| [49] Borruel 2013 | Case-control | Spain | NIH | US | 106 | 55 | 21 | NR | NR | 83 (39) | NR | 23 (42) | NR | 88 (20) | NR | NR | 2.18 (0.86) |
| [32] Michaliszyn 2013 | Case-series | USA | NIH | CT-Scan | 30 | 30 | 2 | 16.1 (03) | 37.1 (1.3) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 104.5 (3.3) | NR | NR | 1.3 (0.1) |
| [35] Qu 2013 | Case-series | China | Rotterdam | US | 602 | 602 | 198 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [43] Tarantino 2013 | Cross-sectional | Italy | Rotterdam | US | 80 | 60 | 36 | 25.5 (16–38) | 25.2 (18.2–46.6) | 158.5 (52–230) | NR | 30 (50) | NR | 85 (67–118) | 2.6 (0.7–11.1) | 9.1 (3.4–16.9) no sirve | 3.8 (1.8–5.48) |
| [42] Bohdanowicz-Pawlak 2014 | Cross-sectional | Poland | Rotterdam | US | 184 | 184 | 106 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [21] Kahal 2014 | Case-control | UK | Rotterdam | US | 36 | 19 | 7 | 33.9 (6.7) | 37.9 (5) | NR | 10 (50) | 19 (100) | NR | 112 (12.6) | 5.1 (2.6) | 4.4 (2.2) | 1.3 (0.4) |
| [44] Tock 2014 | Case-series | Brasil | Rotterdam | US | 38 | 38 | 17 | 28.3 (6.8) | 32.9 (7.7) | 108 (48.4) | NR | NR | NR | 103.2 (19.2) | 3 (2.3) | NR | 2.17 (1.25) |
| [50] Çağlar 2015 | Case-control | Turkey | Rotterdam | US | 55 | 34 | 15 | 26 (2.5) | 22 (1.1) | 80 (34–233) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2 (0.8–14) | NR | 0.01 (0.001–0.045) |
| [36] Romanowski 2015 | Case-control | Brasil | AE and PCOS society | US | 131 | 101 | 24 | 26.8 (5) | 28.5 (6) | 103.3 (60) | 45 (44.6) | NR | NR | 91.6 (16) | 2.9 (2) | NR | NR |
| [52] Cree-Green 2016 | Cohort | USA | NIH | MRI | 71 | 41 | 19 | 15 (13–16) | 35.2 (0.61) | 122 (76–158) | NR | 19 (100) | NR | 103 (96–111) | NR | 7.9 (6.6–14.6) si sirve | 1.63 (1.17–2.11) |
| [53] El-Tahawy 2016 | Case-control | Egypt | Rotterdam | US | 105 | 50 | 24 | 28.3 (5.4) | 29.8 (6.7) | 130.3 (18.9) | 24 (48) | NR | 2 (4) | NR | 3.42 (0.87) | 10.98 (5.73) | 2.79 (0.87) |
| [24] Layegh 2016 | Cross-sectional | Iran | Rotterdam | US | 115 | 115 | 22 | 24.5 (5.4) | NR | NR | 27 (23.4) | 70 (60.8) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [25] Macut 2016 | Cross-sectional | Serbia | Rotterdam | NAFLD fatty liver score | 725 | 600 | 303 | 25.6 (25.1–26.1) | 30.7 (30.1–31.3) | NR | NR | Nr | NR | 91.8 (90.6–92.9) | 3.8 (3.6–4) | 10 (9.4–10.6) | 2.6 (2.5–2.7) |
| [28] C Jie 2017 | Cross-sectional | China | Rotterdam | Ultrasound | 500 | 400 | 225 | 25.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [23] Kim 2017 | Case-control | Korea | Rotterdam | Ultrasound | 1167 | 275 | 15 | 30.4 (5.2) | 20.3 (2.1) | 66 (51–86) | 8 (2.9) | 0 | 0 | 75 (6) | 1.23 (1.09–1.37) | 3.7 (2.5–4.9) si sirve | 0.011 (0.008–0.014) |
| [30] Mehrabian 2017 | Cross-sectional | Iran | Rotterdam | US | 150 | 75 | 29 | NR | 24.7 (1.7) | 149.7 (37.4) | 25 (33.3) | NR | NR | 86.5 (8.8) | 4.7 (1.8) | NR | NR |
| [34] Petta 2017 | Case-control | Italy | Rotterdam | Hepatic steatosis index | 303 | 202 | 139 | 33.2 (5.5) | 25.7 (2.9) | 112.6 (44) | NR | 97 (48.2) | NR | 87.5 (22) | NR | NR | NR |
| [38] Sarkar 2018 | Cohort | USA | Rotterdam | TE | 303 | 303 | 35 | 28.2 (6.8) | 27.6 (10.7) | 81 (69) | NR | NR | NR | 83.82 (25.4) | 1.96 (2.4) | NR | 1.46 (1.79) |
| [45] Vassilatou 2018 | Case-control | Greece | Rotterdam | US | 290 | 145 | 78 | 27.5 (7.1) | 31.8 (6.9) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 93.7 (15.4) | 3.4 (2.1) | 11 (6.7) | 2.6 (0.9) |
| [46] Zhang 2018 | Case-control | China | Rotterdam | US | 253 | 188 | 84 | 27.1 (5.2) | 25.1 (3.2) | NR | NR | 74 (39.3) | NR | NR | 3.53 (0.64) | 10.82 (8.89–12.51) si sirve | 2.19 (0.88) |
| [41] Tantanavipas 2019 | Case-control | Thailand | Rotterdam | US | 63 | 42 | 22 | 27.7 (5.2) | 27.05 (6.5) | 104.3 (71.9) | 6 (14.2) | NR | NR | 84.81 (14.7) | 4.51 (4.97) | 8.05 (8.17) | 1.46 (0.74) |
| [27] Chakraborty 2020 | Cross-sectional | India | Rotterdam | US | 130 | 70 | 27 | 20.4 (2.4) | 25.1 (4.6) | 98.9 (37.6) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4.23 (5.1) | NR | 2.09 (0.81) |
| [33] Oliveira de Lima 2020 | Case-series | Brasil | Rotterdam | US | 127 | 87 | 67 | 34.4 (5.7) | 34.7 (4.7) | 134 (49–373) | 43 (49.9) | 75 (86.2) | 11 (12.6) | 103 (67–128) no sirve | NR | NR | NR |
| [37] Salva-Pastor 2020 | Case-control | Mexico | Rotterdam | TE | 98 | 49 | 34 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [39] Shengir 2020 | Cross-sectional | Canada | Rotterdam | TE | 101 | 101 | 40 | 36.3 | 27.6 (5) | NR | 97 (96) | 18 (17.8) | 101.1 (12.3) | 3.2 (2.9) | 3.6 (3.7) | 1.6 (0.7) | |
| [47] Zheng 2020 | Cross-sectional | China | Rotterdam | TE | 101 | 101 | 71 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 77 (76.2) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [31] Bin Won 2021 | Cross-sectional | Korea | Rotterdam | US/TE/MRI | 586 | 586 | 51 | NR | 23.8 | NR | 92 (15.6) | 198 (33.7) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [40] Siwatch 2021 | Cross-sectional | India | Rotterdam | US | 210 | 140 | 117 | 27.4 (3.5) | 25.6 (4.1) | NR | 71 (50.7) | 76 (54.3) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| [20] Arikan 2022 | Case-control | Turkey | Rotterdam | US | 141 | 83 | 37 | 24.7 (6.2) | 24.5 (4.7) | 107 (69.2) | NR | NR | NR | 83.6 (13.1) | NR | NR | NR |
MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NR: not reported; TE: transient elastography; US: ultrasound; TG: triglycerides; FAI: free androgen index; Data are presented in mean (SD) or median (IQR) as reported in the studies.