Table 2.
Results from subgroups analyses (meta-analysis of proportions) and risk factors meta-analysis.
| Part 1. Subgroup Analyses (Meta-Analysis of Proportions) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Subgroups | Pooled Prevalence (95% CI) | Heterogeneity (I2) |
| Study design | ||
| Case-Control (14 studies) | 41% (27–57) | 96.50% |
| Cross-Sectional (13 studies) | 48% (33–63) | 98.14% |
| Case-Series (6 studies) | 43% (20–60) | 94.54% |
| Cohort (3 studies) | 31% (8–60) | Not estimable |
| Region | ||
| Asia (15 studies) | 42% (28–56) | 98.15% |
| Europe (8 studies) | 48% (38–58) | 89.36% |
| Latin America (6 studies) | 55% (35–75) | 93.41% |
| USA and Canada (5 studies) | 30% (11–52) | 95.81% |
| Africa (2 studies) | 45% (36–54) | Not estimable |
| NAFLD assessment method | ||
| Ultrasound (26 studies) | 46% (38–55) | 95.61% |
| Transient elastography ( 4studies) | 46% (15–79) | 98.23% |
| CT-Scan (2 studies) | 3% (0–11) | Not estimable |
| Non-invasive blood biomarkers/Panels (2 studies) | 55% (52–59) | Not estimable |
| MRI (1 study) | 46% (31–53) | Not estimable |
| PCOS diagnostic criteria | ||
| Rotterdam (31 studies) | 45% (36–54) | 97.52% |
| NIH (4 studies) | 35% (17–57) | 89.09% |
| AE and PCOS society (1 study) | 24% (16–33) | Not estimable |
| Part 2. Risk Factors Meta-analysis | ||
| Factor | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity, I2 |
| BMI (8 studies) | 1.35 (1.28–1.430) | 70.00% |
| Waist circumference (5 studies) | 1.016 (1.006–1.027) | 71.60% |
| ALT (4 studies) | 1.007 (1.001–1.014) | 81.40% |
| HOMA -IR (4 studies) | 1.21 (1.09–1.24) | 36.50% |
| HDL (2 studies) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 72.10% |
| Free Androgen Index (2 studies) | 1.06 (1.03–1.1) | 82.30% |
| Hyperandrogenism (2 studies) | 10.3 (4.2–25.2) | 58.10% |
| Triglycerides (2 studies) | 1.002 (1.001–1.004) | 63.60% |