Table 1.
Characteristics of studies.
| HCC | Control | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Publication Time | Study Location | Study Design | Number | Age, Years | Male, n (%) | Cirrhosis, n (%) | Diagnostic Modality | Control Type | Number | Age, Years | Male, n (%) | Cirrhosis, n (%) |
| Berhane-1 [24] | 2016 | Germany | Retrospective | 275 | 65.4 † | 231 (84.0) | \ | Histological or radiological | CLD | 1003 | 50.5 † | 500 (55.4) | \ |
| Berhane-2 [24] | 2016 | Japan | Retrospective | 1514 | 67.8 † | 1079 (71.3) | \ | Histological or radiological | CLD | 2962 | 61.0 † | 1422 (48.0) | \ |
| Berhane-3 [24] | 2016 | United Kingdom | Retrospective | 394 | 65.8 † | 325 (82.5) | \ | Histological or radiological | CLD | 439 | 54.9 † | 256 (58.3) | \ |
| Best [25] | 2020 | Germany | Retrospective | 125 | 70.5 ‡ | 84 (67.2) | 95 (76.0) |
Histological or radiological | NASH | 231 | 52.0 ‡ | 120 (51.9) | 49 (20.9) |
| Caviglia [26] | 2016 | Italy | Prospective | 54 | 69.5 † | 45 (83.3) | 52 (96.3) |
Radiological | CLD | 44 | 53.2 † | 23 (52.3) | 14 (31.8) |
| Chalasani-1 [27] | 2021 | United States, Europe, and Asia |
Prospective | 136 | 64.0 ‡ | 96 (70.6) | 130 (95.6) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 404 | 64.0 ‡ | 234 (57.9) | 374 (92.6) |
| Chalasani-2 [27] | 2021 | United States, Europe, and Asia |
Prospective | 156 | 63.0 ‡ | 130 (83.3) | 151 (96.8) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 245 | 59.0 ‡ | 144 (58.8) | 226 (92.2) |
| Chalasani-3 [28] | 2021 | United States, Europe, and Asia |
Prospective | 135 | 64.0 ‡ | 103 (76.3) | 120 (89.6) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 302 | 64.0 ‡ | 168 (55.6) | 264 (87.4) |
| Huang [29] | 2022 | China | Prospective | 12 | 52.1† | 10 (83.33) | \ | Histological | CLD | 24 | \ | \ | \ |
| Lambrecht [30] | 2021 | Germany | Retrospective | 122 | 66.0 ‡ | 95 (77.9) | 122 (100) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 145 | 54.0 ‡ | 99 (68.3) | 145 (100.0) |
| Lin [31] | 2022 | China | Prospective | 122 | 55.0 ‡ | 106 (86.9) | 45 (36.9) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 125 | 47.0 ‡ | 83 (66.4) | 46 (36.8) |
| Liu [32] | 2020 | China | Retrospective | 242 | 59.0 ‡ | 176 (72.7) | \ | Histological or radiological | CLD | 283 | 52.0 ‡ | 167 (59.0) | 187 (64.7) |
| Piratvisuth [33] | 2021 | China, Germany, Spain, and Thailand | Prospective | 308 | 60.8 † | 243 (78.9) | 239 (77.6) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 740 | 55.5 † | 417 (56.4) | 395 (53.4) |
| Schotten [34] | 2021 | Germany | Retrospective | 196 | \ | \ | \ | Histological or radiological | CLD | 377 | \ | \ | \ |
| Singal [35] | 2022 | United States | Retrospective | 42 | 53.5 ‡ | 30 (71.4) | 42 (100.0) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 355 | 52.0 ‡ | 208 (58.6) | 355 (100.0) |
| Tayob [36] | 2022 | United States | Prospective | 50 | 64.7 † | 50 (100.0) | 50 (100.0) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 484 | 63.0 † | 472 (97.5) | 484 (100.0) |
| Wang [37] | 2021 | China | Prospective | 302 | \ | 302 (100) | \ | Radiological | HBV | 5851 | \ | 5851 (100) | \ |
| Yang-1 [38] | 2019 | United States | Retrospective | 111 | 63.9 † | 86 (77.5) | 109 (98.2) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 180 | 57.1 † | 96 (53.3) | 154 (85.6) |
| Yang-2 [38] | 2019 | United States | Retrospective | 233 | 60.8 † | 172 (73.8) | 233 (100.0) |
Histological or radiological | CLD | 412 | 54.9 † | 287 (69.7) | 412 (100.0) |
CLD, chronic liver disease; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. † mean age; ‡ median age.