Table 1.
Baseline characteristics #.
| Parameter | All Patients (n = 31) | Patients with Baseline uDKK ≥ 400 pg/mg Creatinine (n = 11) |
Patients with Baseline uDKK < 400 pg/mg Creatinine (n = 20) |
p -Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58 ± 13 | 62 ± 13 | 56 ± 13 | 0.12 |
| Gender (female/male) | 13/18 | 5/6 | 8/12 | 0.79 |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 33 ± 6 | 34.9 ± 6.3 | 32.6 ± 6.0 | 0.47 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (52%) | 6 (55%) | 10 (50%) | 0.83 |
| History of smoking | 20 (65%) | 8 (73%) | 12 (60%) | 0.56 |
| Mean office BP (mmHg) | 171 ± 23/90 ± 19 | 170 ± 29/92 ± 21 | 166 ± 18/89 ± 18 | 0.14/0.66 |
| Mean ABP (mmHg) | 148 ± 13/81 ± 11 | 151 ± 11/80 ± 7 | 147 ± 13/81 ± 12 | 0.43/0.92 |
| Mean number of antihypertensive drugs | 6.6 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 0.0464 * |
| Median uDKK3 level (pg/mg creatinine) | 303 (150–865) | 1637 (745–3960) | 162 (116–292) | <0.0001 * |
| Mean eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 72 ± 29 | 58 ± 35 | 80 ± 23 | 0.0429 * |
| Median UACR (mg/g creatinine) | 28 (14–643) | 1117 (38–2901) | 15 (10–39) | 0.0004 * |
| CKD stage > 3 | 4 (13%) | 4 (36%) | 0 (0%) | 0.0039 * |
# ABP—ambulatory blood pressure, BMI—body mass index, BP—blood pressure, CKD—chronic kidney disease, eGFR—estimated glomerular filtration rate, UACR—urine albumin–creatinine ratio, uDKK3—urinary Dickkopf-3. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, number (%) or median and interquartile range. p-values are based on the comparison of patients with an uDKK3 level above or below 400 pg/mg creatinine. * marks significant values.