Finding 1. Patients and caregivers receiving and healthcare providers delivering telerehabilitation services perceived at least some in‐person home encounters as necessary. They felt that telerehabilitation services alone lost the rapport of social interaction and the opportunity to make meaningful connections. They also pointed out that some types of services provided with the hands could not be delivered using telerehabilitation.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	Minor concerns about the possibility of cognitive bias as the researchers were describing what they interpreted from interviews and focus groups with a lack of reflexivity on how their own values, experiences and opinions might have influenced their collection and interpretation of the data.
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	Minor concerns regarding relevance because all the studies were from high‐income settings; however, we consider that studies from low‐and‐middle‐income settings would not substantially change the finding.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
Moderate confidence	Minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Brouns 2018; Damhus 2018; Dennett 2020; Gélinas‐Bronsard 2019; Hale Gallardo 2020; Hoaas 2016; Lawson 2020; O'Shea 2020; Ownsworth 2020; Palazzo 2016; Pekmezaris 2020; Saywell 2015; Shulver 2016; Van der Meer 2020
Finding 2. Patients and healthcare providers described how in‐person home‐based rehabilitation and telerehabilitation encouraged patients' self‐management and made them feel empowered about the rehabilitation process. Patients become active contributors and shaped the process and its pace according to their needs. This was seen to facilitate the achievement of final results, whatever the goal that rehabilitation aimed to achieve.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	Minor concerns about the possibility of cognitive bias as the researchers were describing what they interpreted from interviews and focus groups with a lack of reflexivity on how their own values, experiences and opinions might have influenced their collection and interpretation of the data.
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	No/Very minor concerns
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
High confidence	Minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and No/Very minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Argent 2018; Bodker 2015; Dennett 2020; Dinesen 2019; Dubouloz 2004; Edbrooke 2020; Emmerson 2018; Folan 2015; Gélinas‐Bronsard 2019; Hoaas 2016; Mohd Nordin 2014; Ng 2013; Nordin 2017; O'Shea 2020; Ownsworth 2020; Pekmezaris 2020; Pinto 2014; Ranaldi 2018; Randström 2012; Shulver 2016; Sureshkumar 2016; Tsai 2016; Turner 2011; Van der Meer 2020.
Finding 3. Patients and healthcare providers appreciated how in‐person home‐based rehabilitation or telerehabilitation improved patient outcomes related to independence, overall functioning at home, and everyday use of assistive devices, which are facilitated by the interaction with the home environment implicit in these types of services.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	Serious concerns regarding coherence because it’s not clear if some of the underlying data support the review finding, specifically regarding the use of assistive devices. We have also concerns because many studies lack an explanation about how in‐person home‐based rehabilitation or telerehabilitation improves patients’ functioning and independence.
Relevance	Moderate concerns regarding relevance because all the studies were from high‐income settings; we consider that studies from low‐and‐middle‐income settings would change the finding regarding the use of assistive devices given that those are no easily accessible in those countries.
Adequacy	Moderate concerns regarding adequacy because of low richness and quantity of data supporting that in‐person home‐based rehabilitation and telerehabilitation improve the use of assistive devices.
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
Low confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, Serious concerns regarding coherence, Moderate concerns regarding adequacy, and Moderate concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Bodker 2015; Borade 2019; Dennett 2020; Dubouloz 2004; Govender 2019; O'Shea 2020; Pinto 2014; Randstrom 2013
Finding 4. Patients, caregivers and healthcare providers regarded the transition from the hospital to home as a challenging process given the lack of human and infrastructure resources available in the home setting.  This may have an impact on the implementation of in‐person home‐based rehabilitation.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	Moderate concerns about the possibility of cognitive bias as the researchers were describing what they interpreted from interviews and focus groups with lack of reflexivity on how their own values, experiences and opinions might have influenced their collection and interpretation of the data.
Coherence	Minor concerns regarding coherence because of contradictory findings between studies. Some studies might be describing challenges related to transitioning from in‐patient to out‐patient rehabilitation, and not particularly related to in‐person home‐based rehabilitation mode of service delivery.
Relevance	Minor concerns regarding relevance because all the studies were from high‐income settings; however, we consider that studies from low‐and‐middle‐income settings would not substantially change the finding.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
Moderate confidence	Moderate concerns regarding methodological limitations, Minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Govender 2019; HeydariKhayat 2020; Mohd Nordin 2014; Turner 2011; VanderVeen 2019
Finding 5. Patients and healthcare providers described several factors that might affect patients’ motivation and engagement with telerehabilitation services, including support from healthcare providers or family members and other caregivers during sessions, good communication with the healthcare provider, what the exercise required from the patient and their surroundings, and the presence of comorbidities.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	Moderate concerns regarding coherence because of contradictory findings between studies.
Relevance	Minor concerns regarding relevance because 19/20 studies were from high‐income settings; however, we consider that studies from low‐and‐middle‐income settings would not substantially change the finding.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
Moderate confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, Moderate concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Bodker 2015; Brouns 2018; Dennett 2020; Dinesen 2019; Edbrooke 2020; Folan 2015; Hoaas 2016; Lawson 2020; O'Doherty 2013; O'Shea 2020; Palazzo 2016; Ranaldi 2018; Randström 2014; Saywell 2015; Stark 2019; Stuifbergen 2011; Teriö 2019; Van der Meer 2020; Vik 2009
Finding 6. Patients, caregivers, and providers described a number of privacy and confidentiality issues when services were provided at home. These included the increased privacy of being able to exercise at home but also the loss of privacy when elements of one’s home life were visible to others.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	Minor concerns regarding relevance because all studies were from high‐income settings; however, we consider that studies from low‐and‐middle‐income settings would not substantially change the finding.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
High confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, Minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Bodker 2015; Brouns 2018; Dennett 2020; Gélinas‐Bronsard 2019; Hoaas 2016; Lawson 2020; Ng 2013; Ownsworth 2020; Oyesanya 2019; Palazzo 2016; Pekmezaris 2020; Randström 2012; Randstrom 2013; Randström 2014; Rietdijk  2020
Finding 7. Many patients regarded in‐person home‐based rehabilitation and telerehabilitation services as convenient and less disruptive of everyday activities.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	No/Very minor concerns
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
High confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and No/Very minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Govender 2019; Hale Gallardo 2020; HeydariKhayat 2020; Lawson 2020; Ownsworth 2020; Palmcrantz 2017; Pekmezaris 2020; Pinto 2014; Randström 2012; Randstrom 2013; Shulver 2017; Silveira 2019; Stark 2019; Tsai 2016; Tyagi 2018; Van der Meer 2020
Finding 8. Patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers called for more training in the context of in‐person home‐based rehabilitation.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	Minor concerns regarding coherence because there are differences about needs of training
Relevance	Moderate concerns regarding relevance because 5/6 studies were from high‐income settings and not all primary studies supported the finding.
Adequacy	Serious concerns about adequacy due to thin data from a small number of studies.
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
Low confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, Minor concerns regarding coherence, Serious concerns regarding adequacy, and Moderate concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Govender 2019; O'Doherty 2013; Randström 2014; Schopfer 2020; Umb Carlsson 2019; VanderVeen 2019
Finding 9. Healthcare providers highlighted the importance to personalise the service to each patient's needs and resource at home.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	Minor concerns regarding relevance because all studies were from high‐income settings; however, we consider that more studies from low‐and‐middle‐income settings would not substantially change the finding.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
High confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Bodker 2015; Damhus 2018; Dennett 2020; Edbrooke 2020; Lawson 2020; Ownsworth 2020; Shulver 2017; Silveira 2019; Tsai 2016
Finding 10. Patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and other stakeholders described how telerehabilitation changed the nature of the patient‐provider relationship. This included overcoming physical barriers to communication and enabling quick responses to questions, creating a more relaxed environment for communication, and supporting shared decision making. Some patients described how telerehabilitation services allowed them to keep connected with their healthcare provider after being discharged from the hospital. However, other patients felt abandoned when receiving telerehabilitation services.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	Minor concerns regarding methodological limitations because possibility of cognitive bias as the researchers were describing what they interpreted from interviews and focus groups with lack of reflexivity on how their own values, experiences and opinions might have influenced their collection and interpretation of the data.
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	Minor concerns regarding relevance because 18/19 studies were from high‐income settings; however, we consider that studies from low‐and‐middle‐income settings would not substantially change the finding.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
High confidence	Explanation: Minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Argent 2018; Bodker 2015; Brouns 2018; Dennett 2020; Dinesen 2019; Emmerson 2018; Gélinas‐Bronsard 2019; Hale Gallardo 2020; Kamwesiga 2017; Lawson 2020; Malmberg 2018; Nordin 2017; Ownsworth 2020; Palazzo 2016; Palmcrantz 2017; Shulver 2017; Stuifbergen 2011; Tsai 2016; Van der Meer 2020
Finding 11. Healthcare providers and patients described as challenging some conditions for delivering telerehabilitation services at home, such as ensuring that patients have a safe environment, the need for a quiet place for performing the telerehabilitation session, ensuring that patient performed exercises correctly and challenges tied to interruptions from family members.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	Minor concerns regarding relevance because 12/13 studies were from high‐income settings; however, we consider that more studies from low‐and‐middle‐income settings would not substantially change the finding.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
High confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Argent 2018; Bodker 2015; Damhus 2018; Lawson 2020; Mendell 2019; Ownsworth 2020; Palazzo 2016; Rietdijk  2020; Shulver 2017; Silveira 2019; Sureshkumar 2016; Tsai 2016; Tyagi 2018
Finding 12. Patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and other stakeholders regarded telerehabilitation as an opportunity to make rehabilitation services more accessible.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	No/Very minor concerns
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
High confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and No/Very minor concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Argent 2018; Brouns 2018; Damhus 2018; Dennett 2020; Emmerson 2018; Folan 2015; Gélinas‐Bronsard 2019; Hale Gallardo 2020; Hoaas 2016; Lawson 2020; Malmberg 2018; O'Shea 2020; Ownsworth 2020; Oyesanya 2019; Palmcrantz 2017; Rietdijk  2020; Saywell 2015; Shulver 2017; Tyagi 2018; Van der Meer 2020
Finding 13. Healthcare providers and decision‐makers highlighted the need for adequate equipment, infrastructure and maintenance, but described how these needs were not always met. They described challenges including a lack of investment, a lack of awareness around the resources needed, and rapid advances in technology that make technology rapidly obsolete.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	Moderate concerns regarding relevance because 12/13 studies were from high‐income settings, and is likely that in low‐ and middle‐income settings needs for infrastructure are an important barrier for providing telerehabilitation services.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
Moderate confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Moderate concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Bodker 2015; Brouns 2018; Gélinas‐Bronsard 2019; Hale Gallardo 2020; Lawson 2020; Mendell 2019; Ownsworth 2020; Oyesanya 2019; Palmcrantz 2017; Shulver 2016; Teriö 2019; Tyagi 2018; Van der Meer 2020
Finding 14. Patients and caregivers described many usability issues related to the device, the program or the application; they also emphasised the need for easy‐to‐use technologies that could be adapted to the patient’s individual needs. Patients and caregivers reported a lack of familiarity with, fear of or frustration with digital technology. Patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers called for more training and support in the use of these technologies.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	Moderate concerns regarding relevance because 24/26 studies were from high‐income settings. It is likely that in low‐ and middle‐income settings the lack of technology and devices´ availability is a challenge.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
Moderate confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Moderate concerns regarding relevance.
Contributing studies
Argent 2018; Bodker 2015; Brouns 2018; Damhus 2018; Emmerson 2018; Folan 2015; Gélinas‐Bronsard 2019; Hale Gallardo 2020; Hoaas 2016; Lawson 2020; Malmberg 2018; Mendell 2019; O'Shea 2020; Ownsworth 2020; Palazzo 2016; Palmcrantz 2017; Rietdijk  2020; Shulver 2016; Shulver 2017; Silveira 2019; Stuifbergen 2011; Sureshkumar 2016; Teriö 2019; Tsai 2016; Tyagi 2018; Van der Meer 2020
Finding 15. Healthcare providers differed in their views about whether telerehabilitation was cost‐efficient for them, but many patients encountered it as affordable and cost‐saving when the equipment and infrastructure have been provided.
Assessment for each GRADE‐CERQual component
Methodological limitations	No/Very minor concerns
Coherence	No/Very minor concerns
Relevance	Moderate concerns regarding relevance because all the studies were from high‐income settings. It is likely that experiences in low‐ and middle‐income settings are different.
Adequacy	No/Very minor concerns
Overall GRADE‐CERQual assessment and explanation
High confidence	No/Very minor concerns regarding methodological limitations, No/Very minor concerns regarding coherence, No/Very minor concerns regarding adequacy, and Moderate concerns regarding relevance
Contributing studies
Bodker 2015; Brouns 2018; Damhus 2018; Gélinas‐Bronsard 2019; Lawson 2020; Ownsworth 2020; Van der Meer 2020