Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes at three assessment points.
| PCPI (n = 118) | TAU (n = 116) | Adjusted mean difference or odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Effect size, Cohen's d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | |||||
| PTSD (PTSD-RI-5), mean (95%CI) | |||||
| Baseline | 39.63 (36.62–42.63) | 41.28 (38.05–44.51) | |||
| Posttreatment | 30.98 (27.87–34.09) | 39.22 (35.38–43.06) | −7.35 (−11.66–−3.04) | 0.001 | −0.38 |
| 3-month follow-up | 30.42 (26.84–34.00) | 33.01 (29.48–36.54) | −2.03 (−6.85–2.79) | 0.41 | −0.10 |
| Secondary Outcome | |||||
| PTSD (PCL-5), mean (95%CI) | |||||
| Baseline | 41.51 (39.16–43.85) | 43.60 (41.16–46.04) | |||
| Posttreatment | 28.78 (25.47–32.09) | 38.04 (34.47–41.61) | −8.49 (−13.23–−3.75) | <0.001 | −0.45 |
| 3-month follow-up | 30.33 (26.40–34.26) | 33.98 (30.40–37.57) | −3.07 (−8.34–2.19) | 0.25 | −0.15 |
| Depression (CDI-S), mean (95%CI) | |||||
| Baseline | 7.17 (6.45–7.89) | 8.53 (7.71–9.36) | |||
| Posttreatment | 5.52 (4.80–6.24) | 7.96 (7.15–8.76) | −1.63 (−2.50–−0.76) | <0.001 | −0.39 |
| 3-month follow-up | 7.10 (6.13–8.08) | 6.92 (6.07–7.77) | 0.73 (−0.50–1.97) | 0.25 | 0.15 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder (the subscale of SCARED), mean (95%CI) | |||||
| Baseline | 9.21 (8.47–9.96) | 9.60 (8.82–10.38) | |||
| Posttreatment | 7.23 (6.51–7.95) | 8.64 (7.77–9.51) | −1.21 (−2.20–−0.23) | 0.02 | −0.28 |
| 3-month follow-up | 7.52 (6.66–8.37) | 8.19 (7.33–9.05) | −0.54 (−1.70–0.62) | 0.36 | −0.11 |
| Meet diagnosis of full PTSD (PCL-5), n (%) | |||||
| Baseline | 98 (83.05%) | 96 (82.76%) | 1.02 (0.52–2.02) | – | |
| Posttreatment | 56 (47.46%) | 83 (71.55%) | 0.36 (0.21–0.62) | <0.001 | – |
| 3-month follow-up | 57 (48.31%) | 71 (61.21%) | 0.59 (0.35–1.00) | 0.06 | – |
PCPI = the power up children's psychological immunity; TAU = treatment as usual; PTSD-RI-5 = PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5 (total score range 0–80; higher scores indicated severe posttraumatic stress disorder severity); CDI-S = Children Depression Inventory-Short (total score range 0–20; higher scores indicated severe depression severity); SCARED = The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (subscale score range 0–18; higher scores indicated severe generalized anxiety disorder severity); PCL-5 = PTSD Checklist-5 (total score range 0–80; higher scores indicated severe posttraumatic stress disorder severity).