Table 1.
Clinical characteristics at the time of the first MI according to cardiovascular or diabetes-related mortality during a median of 3.07 (IQR 0.02–8.45) years of follow-up
| Variable | Cardiovascular or diabetes-related mortality (n = 177) | No cardiovascular or diabetes-related mortality (n = 76) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men, n (%) | 90 (50.8) | 49 (64.5) | 0.046 |
| Age, years | 52.7 (46.2–60.0) | 52.3 (47.0–56.0) | 0.430 |
| Diabetes onset age, years | 12.8 (8.0–18.4) | 14.3 (9.1–21.4) | 0.178 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 40.1 (33.8–45.6) | 38.3 (31.2–44.5) | 0.104 |
| HbA1c | |||
| % | 8.3 (7.3–9.4) | 8.4 (7.4–9.0) | 0.989 |
| mmol/mol | 67 (56–79) | 68 (57–75) | 0.989 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | |||
| Total | 4.4 (3.7–5.5) | 4.1 (3.5–5.0) | 0.024 |
| HDL | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.489 |
| LDL | 2.3 (1.8–3.0) | 2.2 (1.6–2.9) | 0.162 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.042 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 164 (104–468) | 87 (71–116) | <0.001 |
| eGFR category,* n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| G1 | 18 (10.3) | 33 (43.4) | |
| G2 | 34 (19.4) | 25 (32.9) | |
| G3 | 46 (26.3) | 7 (9.2) | |
| G4 | 18 (10.3) | 3 (3.9) | |
| G5 | 59 (33.7) | 8 (10.5) | |
| Albuminuria category, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal | 25 (14.2) | 32 (42.1) | |
| Moderately increased | 19 (10.8) | 16 (21.1) | |
| Severely increased | 36 (20.5) | 15 (19.7) | |
| Ongoing dialysis | 51 (29.0) | 5 (6.6) | |
| Functioning kidney transplant | 45 (25.6) | 8 (10.5) | |
| Prior CHD diagnosis, n (%) | 51 (28.8) | 14 (18.4) | 0.083 |
| Prior revascularization, n (%) | 15 (8.5) | 4 (5.3) | 0.368 |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 164 (93.2) | 62 (81.6) | 0.005 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 94 (55.3) | 47 (61.8) | 0.337 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 107 (62.6) | 45 (59.2) | 0.616 |
| Current smoking status, n (%) | 37 (21.8) | 17 (23.0) | 0.834 |
| MI data | |||
| Symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Chest pain | 80 (51.9) | 62 (84.9) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 50 (32.5) | 9 (12.3) | 0.001 |
| Nausea | 40 (26.0) | 21 (28.8) | 0.657 |
| ECG category, n (%) | 0.007 | ||
| STEMI | 28 (20.9) | 28 (38.4) | |
| NSTEMI | 106 (79.1) | 45 (61.6) | |
| Clinical category, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| Type 1 | 139 (78.5) | 73 (96.1) | |
| Type 2 | 3 (1.7) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Type 3 | 34 (19.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Type 4a | 1 (0.6) | 2 (2.6) | |
| Type 4b | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Type 4c | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Type 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Acute treatment,† n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| Conservative treatment | 158 (89.8) | 56 (73.7) | |
| Revascularization | 9 (5.1) | 15 (19.7) | |
| Thrombolysis | 9 (5.1) | 5 (6.6) | |
| Subacute treatment,† n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Conservative treatment | 142 (80.7) | 37 (48.7) | |
| Revascularization | 34 (19.3) | 39 (51.3) | |
| Calendar year, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 1998–2003 | 78 (44.1) | 15 (19.7) | |
| 2004–2007 | 59 (33.3) | 28 (36.8) | |
| 2008–2012 | 40 (22.6) | 33 (43.4) | |
| Hospitalization time, days | 8 (1–15) | 6 (4–10) | 0.798 |
Data are median (IQR) unless otherwise indicated. CHD, coronary heart disease.
*
G1, normal to increased eGFR (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2); G2, mildly reduced eGFR (60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2); G3, moderately reduced eGFR (30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2); G4, severely reduced eGFR (15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2); G5, kidney failure (<15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or treated by dialysis).
†
Acute treatment defined as within 120 min of MI diagnosis and subacute treatment as after 120 min but within 28 days of MI diagnosis.