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. 2023 Feb 10;6:164. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04543-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Bright-field view of retinal tissue and off-target tissues in iPSC-LPF11-derived cell aggregates. Scale bar: 100 µm. b Proportions of cell aggregates containing retinal tissue and off-target tissues. Three independent batches derived from iPSC-LPF11 cells and three independent batches derived from iPSC-S17 cells were analyzed (n = 59–95 aggregates per each batch). Data are presented as mean ± SE. c Heat map for gene expressions in retinal tissue and off-target tissues derived from iPSC-LPF11 cells. As a control, gene expressions in undifferentiated iPSC-LPF11 cells are also shown. Gene expressions were measured by qPCR analyses. Row Z-scores were calculated for each tissue and plotted as a heat map. d Representative bright-field images and IHC images for off-target tissue-1 and -2 derived from iPSC-LPF11 cells. The bright-field images and IHC images were captured at the same positions. Immunostaining for Aqp1 (upper right; red) and Emx2 (lower right; red) is shown. Blue: nuclear staining with DAPI. Scale bar: 100 µm. e Heat map for gene expressions in retinal tissue and off-target tissue-3 derived from iPSC-1231A3 cells. mRNA levels were determined by microarray analysis. LogFC values were calculated for each gene and plotted as a heat map. FC, fold change. Note that off-target tissue-3 expressed Hox genes compared with retinal tissue.