Table 2.
National Health Interview Survey 2013–2018: Latino adults (n = 23,478). Odd ratios of having type 2 diabetes via logistic regression
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted main effects of food security status | Food security status, controls | Food security status, main effects of neighborhood cohesion, controls | Interaction between food security status and neighborhood cohesion | |||||||||
| OR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | |||||
| Food security status | ||||||||||||
| High/marginal food security | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||||||
| Low food security | 1.64** | 1.42 | 1.89 | 1.84** | 1.56 | 2.17 | 1.83** | 1.55 | 2.15 | 1.67** | 1.35 | 2.05 |
| Very low food security | 1.93** | 1.62 | 2.30 | 2.00** | 1.64 | 2.43 | 1.97** | 1.62 | 2.4 | 2.01** | 1.61 | 2.51 |
| Neighborhood cohesion | ||||||||||||
| Low | ref | ref | ||||||||||
| High | 0.86* | 0.76 | 0.97 | 0.84* | 0.74 | 0.96 | ||||||
| Interaction: food security status × neighborhood cohesion | ||||||||||||
| High/marginal food security, low cohesion | ref | |||||||||||
| Low food security, low cohesion | ref | |||||||||||
| Very low food security, low cohesion | ref | |||||||||||
| High/marginal food security, high cohesion | ref | |||||||||||
| Low food security, high cohesion | 1.31 | 0.92 | 1.88 | |||||||||
| Very low food security, high cohesion | 0.92 | 0.61 | 1.38 | |||||||||
| Covariates | ||||||||||||
| Age | 1.06** | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06** | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06** | 1.06 | 1.07 | |||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | ref | ref | ref | |||||||||
| Female | 0.84** | 0.74 | 0.94 | 0.83** | 0.74 | 0.94 | 0.84** | 0.74 | 0.94 | |||
| Family type | ||||||||||||
| One adult, no children | ref | ref | ref | |||||||||
| Multiple adults, no children | 1.24** | 1.08 | 1.42 | 1.24** | 1.08 | 1.43 | 1.24** | 1.08 | 1.43 | |||
| One adult, 1 + children | 0.99 | 0.76 | 1.28 | 0.99 | 0.76 | 1.28 | 0.99 | 0.76 | 1.28 | |||
| Multiple adults, 1 + children | 1.13 | 0.97 | 1.32 | 1.14 | 0.97 | 1.33 | 1.14 | 0.97 | 1.33 | |||
| Ratio of family income to poverty threshold | ||||||||||||
| Less than 1.0 | ref | ref | ref | |||||||||
| 1.0–1.99 | 0.83** | 0.71 | 0.95 | 0.83** | 0.71 | 0.95 | 0.83** | 0.71 | 0.95 | |||
| 2.0 + | 0.69** | 0.58 | 0.81 | 0.69** | 0.59 | 0.81 | 0.69** | 0.59 | 0.81 | |||
| Year | ||||||||||||
| 2013 | ref | ref | ref | |||||||||
| 2014 | 0.87 + | 0.74 | 1.01 | 0.87 + | 0.74 | 1.01 | 0.87 + | 0.74 | 1.01 | |||
| 2015 | 0.99 | 0.84 | 1.15 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 1.15 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 1.15 | |||
| 2016 | 0.99 | 0.82 | 1.20 | 0.99 | 0.82 | 1.20 | 0.99 | 0.82 | 1.20 | |||
| 2017 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 1.20 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 1.20 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 1.20 | |||
| 2018 | 1.01 | 0.84 | 1.21 | 1.01 | 0.84 | 1.22 | 1.01 | 0.84 | 1.22 | |||
| Educational attainment | ||||||||||||
| Less than high school | ref | ref | ref | |||||||||
| High school diploma or equiv | 0.83* | 0.72 | 0.97 | 0.84* | 0.72 | 0.97 | 0.84* | 0.72 | 0.97 | |||
| Some college or tech | 0.80** | 0.69 | 0.93 | 0.81** | 0.69 | 0.93 | 0.81** | 0.70 | 0.93 | |||
| Bachelor’s + | 0.54** | 0.44 | 0.65 | 0.54** | 0.44 | 0.66 | 0.54** | 0.44 | 0.66 | |||
| Duration of living in present neighbourhood | ||||||||||||
| Less than 1 year | ref | ref | ref | |||||||||
| 1–3 years | 1.11 | 0.90 | 1.37 | 1.11 | 0.90 | 1.37 | 1.11 | 0.90 | 1.37 | |||
| 4–10 years | 1.23* | 1.01 | 1.51 | 1.24* | 1.01 | 1.53 | 1.24* | 1.01 | 1.52 | |||
| 11–20 years | 1.34** | 1.09 | 1.65 | 1.36** | 1.10 | 1.68 | 1.36** | 1.10 | 1.68 | |||
| 20 years + | 1.19 | 0.96 | 1.48 | 1.21 + | 0.98 | 1.5 | 1.21 + | 0.97 | 1.50 | |||
| Nativity/Born in the USA | 1.50** | 1.33 | 1.70 | 1.51** | 1.34 | 1.71 | 1.51** | 1.34 | 1.71 | |||
| Uninsured | 0.70** | 0.60 | 0.82 | 0.70** | 0.59 | 0.82 | 0.70** | 0.59 | 0.82 | |||
Tests of significance: + p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01