Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Total | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 563 (100) | 133 (23.6) | 167 (29.7) | 160 (28.4) | 103 (18.3) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 44.2 (11.3) | 43.4 (11.0) | 42.2 (11.4) | 45.9 (11.6) | 45.9 (10.5) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Women | 398 (70.7) | 91 (68.4) | 107 (64.1) | 121 (75.6) | 79 (76.7) |
| Men | 165 (29.3) | 52 (31.6) | 60 (35.9) | 39 (24.4) | 24 (23.3) |
| Race and Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 101 (17.9) | 46 (34.6) | 20 (12) | 26 (16.3) | 9 (8.7) |
| Hispanic | 90 (16.0) | 33 (24.8) | 34 (20.4) | 15 (9.4) | 8 (7.8) |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 357 (63.4) | 51 (38.3) | 108 (64.7) | 115 (71.9) | 83 (80.6) |
| Other / Unknown | 15 (2.7) | 3 (2.3) | 5 (3) | 4 (2.5) | 3 (2.9) |
| Socioeconomic Status Index, mean (SD) | 53.6 (18.6) | 43.6 (18.0) | 53.1 (19.2) | 58.4 (16.0) | 60.0 (16.9) |
| Educational Attainment, aggregate years | 15.1 (2.0) | 14.5 (2.0) | 15.0 (2.1) | 15.4 (1.8) | 15.5 (2.) |
| WTAR raw | 37.5 (8.6) | 33.2 (9.6) | 37.4 (7.9) | 39.5 (7.2) | 40.2 (8.0) |
| AHRQ Index | 56.1 (2.8) | 55.0 (2.5) | 56.0 (2.8) | 56.7 (2.7) | 56.8 (2.7) |
| Time since diagnosis, mean (SD), years | 8.89 (7.80) | 9.47 (7.89) | 8.93 (7.79) | 8.23 (7.85) | 9.09 (7.66) |
| Disease Course, n (%) | |||||
| Relapsing Remitting | 441 (78.3) | 94 (70.7) | 137 (82) | 130 (81.3) | 80 (77.7) |
| Primary Progressive | 35 (6.2) | 10 (7.5) | 6 (3.6) | 11 (6.9) | 8 (7.8) |
| Secondary Progressive | 87 (15.5) | 29 (21.8) | 24 (14.4) | 19 (11.9) | 15 (14.6) |
| Disease Modifying Therapy type, n (%) | |||||
| None | 95 (16.9) | 23 (17.3) | 23 (13.8) | 32 (20) | 17 (16.5) |
| Injection | 75 (13.3) | 14 (10.5) | 24 (14.4) | 15 (9.4) | 22 (21.4) |
| Oral | 172 (30.6) | 38 (28.6) | 49 (29.3) | 57 (35.6) | 28 (27.2) |
| Infusion | 221 (39.3) | 58 (43.6) | 71 (42.5) | 56 (35) | 36 (35) |
| Health-Related Covariates, n (%) | |||||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.1 (5.9) | 28.3 (6.0) | 27.0 (5.8) | 26.9 (6.1) | 25.8 (5.3) |
| MVPA, mean (SD) | 21.7 (22.2) | 12.1 (19.0) | 21.1 (22.4) | 24.7 (20.5) | 30.2 (23.8) |
| Sleep Disturbance | 251 (44.6) | 67 (50.4) | 75 (44.9) | 66 (41.3) | 43 (41.7) |
| Hypertension | 98 (17.4) | 25 (18.8) | 31 (18.6) | 29 (18.1) | 13 (12.6) |
| Diabetes | 23 (4.1) | 7 (5.3) | 11 (6.6) | 4 (2.5) | 1 (1) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 102 (18.1) | 23 (17.3) | 37 (22.2) | 25 (15.6) | 17 (16.5) |
| Smoking | 179 (31.8) | 48 (36.1) | 44 (26.3) | 49 (30.6) | 38 (36.9) |
| Unadjusted Outcomes, mean (SD) | |||||
| MSFC z-score | −1.12 (1.22) | −1.75 (1.35) | −1.07 (1.14) | −0.90 (1.14) | −0.72 (0.97) |
| SDMT raw | 51.1 (12.0) | 45.9 (13.2) | 51.5 (11.5) | 53.2 (11.3) | 53.7 (10.2) |
| NHPT raw | 23.4 (5.5) | 25.8 (6.1) | 23.6 (5.2) | 22.5 (5.3) | 21.7 (4.6) |
| T25FW raw | 4.99 (1.34) | 5.64 (1.44) | 4.85 (1.33) | 4.83 (1.16) | 4.61 (1.20) |
| MSISphys raw | 39.71 (18.2) | 46.2 (19.6) | 39.2 (19.0) | 38.2 (16.7) | 34.6 (14.7) |
| FSS raw | 3.67 (1.92) | 4.15 (1.86) | 3.79 (2.00) | 3.53 (1.91) | 3.09 (1.72) |
| MSWS raw | 40.5 (23.9) | 49.6 (24.9) | 39.0 (23.9) | 39.0 (22.9) | 33.7 (21.1) |
| PDQ raw | 1.43 (0.99) | 1.67 (1.05) | 1.49 (0.99) | 1.34 (0.98) | 1.20 (0.88) |
| HADS-D raw | 4.44 (3.64) | 5.76 (3.74) | 4.36 (3.83) | 4.28 (3.39) | 3.15 (3.05) |
| HADS-A raw | 7.16 (4.13) | 7.80 (4.51) | 7.31 (4.29) | 7.02 (3.83) | 6.30 (3.66) |
| Mediterranean Diet Adherence | |||||
| MEDAS, mean (SD) | 6.25 (2.35) | 3.08 (1.01) | 5.54 (0.50) | 7.46 (0.50) | 9.61 (0.81) |
| MEDAS, minimum, maximum | 1, 12 | 1, 4 | 5, 6 | 7, 8 | 9, 12 |
| Component criteria met, n (%) | |||||
| Olive oil is primary cooking fat | 373 (66.3) | 44 (33.1) | 107 (64.1) | 131 (81.9) | 91 (88.3) |
| Olive oil consumption ≥4 tbsp. / day | 36 (6.4) | 2 (1.5) | 9 (5.4) | 10 (6.3) | 15 (14.6) |
| Vegetable serving (200g/d) ≥2 / day | 279 (49.6) | 18 (13.5) | 59 (35.3) | 103 (64.4) | 99 (96.1) |
| Fruit serving (80g) ≥3 / day | 91 (16.2) | 4 (3) | 12 (7.2) | 34 (21.3) | 41 (39.8) |
| Red meat, sausage (100–150g) <1 / day | 345 (61.3) | 36 (27.1) | 104 (62.3) | 118 (73.8) | 87 (84.5) |
| Butter (12g) <1 / day | 384 (68.2) | 48 (36.1) | 11 (65.9) | 133 (83.1) | 93 (90.3) |
| Sugary drinks (12oz) <1 / day | 430 (76.4) | 64 (48.1) | 119 (71.3) | 144 (90) | 103 (100) |
| Wine (125ml) ≥7 / week | 100 (17.8) | 4 (3) | 19 (11.4) | 31 (19.4) | 46 (44.7) |
| Legumes (150g) ≥3 / week | 89 (15.8) | 2 (1.5) | 11 (6.6) | 27 (16.9) | 49 (47.6) |
| Fish (100–150g) ≥3 / week | 91 (16.2) | 2 (1.5) | 22 (13.2) | 29 (18.1) | 38 (36.9) |
| Commercial pastries <1 / week | 272 (48.3) | 30 (22.6) | 65 (38.9) | 97 (60.6) | 80 (77.7) |
| Nuts (30g) ≥2 / week | 236 (41.9) | 18 (13.5) | 55 (32.9) | 91 (56.9) | 72 (69.9) |
| Eat chicken or turkey more than pork, hamburger, or sausage | 456 (81.0) | 81 (60.9) | 140 (83.8) | 143 (89.4) | 92 (89.3) |
| Vegetables, pasta, or rice with garlic, tomato, or onion ≥2 / week | 334 (59.3) | 55 (41.4) | 93 (55.7) | 102 (63.8) | 84 (81.6) |