Figure 3.
Ex vivo electrical biofilm debridement by high-intensity current applied by our HIC-based biofilm treatment system. (A) Representative cryo-section images of MRSA biofilm-infected porcine skin wounds after current application at different intensities for 1 h. All tissue samples were collected and embedded immediately after treatment. Red dashed area showed the biofilm above wound surface. Scale bar: 100 μm. (B) Biofilm thickness above wound surface measured immediately after treatment. (C) MRSA bacterial count (log10 scale) in infected skin wounds immediately after treatment measured by standard plate counting assay. (D) Bactericidal efficacy immediately after treatment. Bactericidal efficacy was calculated as initial bacterial count divided by bacterial count after treatment. (E) Representative photographs of bacterial culture from MRSA biofilm-infected porcine skin wound tissues immediately after treatment. All tissue homogenates were diluted 106 times with PBS before plating.