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. 2023 Feb 10;13:2401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25280-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Face recognition in ghost images. (a) Images of the original human faces (top) and the corresponding experimental ghost images (bottom) obtained in a ghost imaging setup. A femtosecond laser is used to generate spatially entangled photon pairs. One of the photons illuminates a spatial light modulator, which imprints different images onto the photon, and can act as a trigger for the other photon that was detected by an intensified CCD camera. Each of the images was obtained by the accumulation of 300 frames with an exposure time of 0.5s, which translates to a run time of 150s. (b) Quantum Independent Component Analysis (QICA), and Quantum Principal Component Analysis (QPCA), of the faces to detect the independent components, and principal features in the faces. (c) Dissimilarity measure between the ghost images with the images in the database for their identification. As per the copyright policies of the journal, in this illustration we use artificially generated faces (the first and the third) from the website https://www.thispersondoesnotexist.com. For the second figure, the coauthor provided the required consent for both the experiment and use in the manuscript.