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. 2023 Jan 26;9(2):e13196. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13196

Table 2.

Included studies: implant stability quotient (ISQ).

Study(year), Funding Studydesign, duration No.of patients(implants) PRF preparation Group T:test
C:control
Outcome
R.Tabrizi(2018)
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
RCT, split‐mouth
6 weeks
20 (40implants) 2800 rpm for 12 min
Hardware
T:PRF n = 20
No PRF n = 20
At 2 weeks after insertion, the mean ISQ was 60.60 ± 3.42 in group 1 and 58.25 ± 3.64 in group 2. There was a statistically signifificant difference between the two groups (P = 0.04). At 4 weeks after insertion, the mean ISQ was 70.30 ± 3.36 in group 1 and 67.15 ± 4.33 in group 2. Analysis of the data demonstrated a signifificant difference between the two groups at this time point (P = 0.014). The mean ISQ was 78.45 ± 3.36 in group 1 and 76.15 ± 2.94 in group 2 at 6 weeks afterinsertion. Assessment of the data showed a signifificant difference between group 1 and group 2 at this time point (P = 0.027)
Elif Öncü(2017)
Periodontics
Restorative Dentistry
RCT, split‐mouth
1 year
26 (60implants) 2700 rpm for 12 min
Hardware
PRF membranes
T:PRF n = 30
C:No
PRF n = 30
T: t0:26.10 ± 12.83 t1:54.39 ± 15.88 t2:69.99 ± 11.87 t3:71.19 ± 10.31;
C: t0:24.61 ± 11.97 t1:48.67 ± 13.61 t2:61.03 ± 12.02 t3:70.08 ± 11.2
Elton Carlo Pichotano(2018)
Journal of Oral Implantology
RCT, split‐mouth
8 months
12 (38implants) 10 min at 300 g (3000 rpm) T:PRF n = 19
C:No
PRF n = 19
3.group showed statistically higher ISQ values compared to the test group (75.13 ± 5.69; and 60.90 ± 9.35 for the control and test group, respectively). This outcome might be attributed to the difference in the healing time between both groups. According to a previous study,31 ISQ values after sinus augmentation utilizing L-PRF progressively increase over time, meaning that the time for implant healing play a crucial role for increased secondary implant stability. This was confirmed in our studies because the ISQ values at loading demonstrated a significant increase in the test group compared to the initial value immediately at implant placement (60.90 ± 9.35 and 76.08 ± 5.86).T:P = 0.0014 C:P = 0.9927
Elif Öncü(2015)
The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants
RCT,
1 months
20 (64implants) 2700 rpm for 12 min T:PRF n = 31
C:No
PRF n = 33
T: t0:59.39 ± 15.88 t1:69.29 ± 10.51 t2:77.19 ± 6.06
C: t0:62.67 ± 13.61 t1:60.03 ± 12.2 t2:70.49 ± 7.74
P1 = 0.002
P2 = 0.001
XIE Hui(2018)
Shanghai Journal of Stomatology
RCT,
1 year
46(46 implants) 700 rpm for 3min NR T: t0 = 50.68 ± 5.17 t1 = 72.31 ± 5.06
C: t0 = 72.31 ± 5.06 t1 = 73.98 ± 5.38 t0 = 4 months t1 = 6 months
P1=(P<0.05),P2=(P>0.05)(4 months/6months)
C. Diana, S.Mohanty(2018)
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
RCT,
1 year
29 (41 implant) 2700 rpm for 12min T:PRF n = 21
C:No
PRF n = 20
T: t0 = 56.58 ± 18.81 t1:60.61 ± 11.49
C: t0 = 71.32 ± 7.82 t1:70.06 ± 8.69
Ebru Olgun(2018)
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry
RCT,
6 months
18 (37 implants) 2800 rpm for 12min T:PRF n = 10
C:No PRF n = 8
T:68.50 ± 8.87
C:66.37 ± 8.31 P = 0.611
Ali H. Abbas Alhussaini (2019)
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
RCT,
12 weeks
32(102 implants) 3000 rpm for 12 min T:PRF n = 27
C:No PRF n = 51
No significant statistical difference existed in primary implant stability between the groups (P = 0.054). An improvement in implant stability was observed in the PRF group(ISQ = 71.0 ± 7.3) compared with control group(ISQ = 67.2 ± 8.2) 6 weeks after implant insertion. After 12 weeks, implant stability was further enhanced in the PRF group (ISQ = 74.5 ± 8.1) compared with control group(ISQ = 70.8 ± 8.3).
Romesh Soni(2020)
National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery
RCT,
4 months
16(16 implants) 1300 rpm for 8 min T:PRF n = 8
C: No PRF n = 8
PRF membrane group’s average ISQ ranged from 38.5 to 61 (mean = 43.06,SD = 7.41) at baseline and ranged 66.5–71.5(mean = 69.12,SD = 1.78) at second-stage surgery.
Collagen membrane group’s average ISQ ranged from 34.5 to 40.5 (mean = 41.68, SD = 7.2) at baseline and ranged 65.5–71.5(mean = 68.56,SD = 1.52) at second-stage surgery.
Kapoor A(2022)
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
RCT,
1 months
21(60implants) 3000 rpm for 10 min T:PRF n = 30
C:No PRF n = 30
There was a statistically significant difference seen for values between two groups (P < 0.05) with higher ISQ values in Group 1, 59.56 ± 4.51, than Group 2, 57.12 ± 3.82 at 1 month.

Note. RCT, randomized controlled clinical trial; SD, standard deviation; NR, not reported; w/wo, with or without; wo, without; SS, statistical significant difference; NS, no statistical difference; ISQ, Implant stability quotient.