Table 2.

Illustrative example: scaling up

General impact determinants	Comprehensive enabling factors	Initiative-based learning	Interactions across system levels	Transformative effects Resulting from scaling-up dynamics
		Case-specific enabling factors Resulting through the observation of one/more initiatives in one context	Identification of key scaling mechanisms
Knowledge and abilities	Enhancing skills and expertise	• Experts from the impact domain (e.g. urban regeneration) have been included in the development of cultural actions • Local knowledge has been embedded in the design of cultural activities	Scaling up Cultural actions at the niche level start growing and becoming more stable. In the long-term, this trend might affect institutional structures, e.g. through re-alignment or innovation Key interaction: Collaboration between niches and regimes	• Emergent practices formalised through norms and regulation • New pervasive narratives created • New values consolidated • Widened adoption of novel practices from social impact domains • Expanded adoption of novel practices by synergising functions and domains • Learning
	Facilitating knowledge acquisition and diffusion	• Collaboration agreements have been signed with local research bodies • Results from the cultural actions are disseminated throughout local networks
Norms and regulations	Rooting in norms and regulations from the impact domains	• The Involvement of cultural operators in urban regeneration processes is formally recognized • Cultural operators participate in co-design experiments seeking to support policy recommendations
Narratives and discourses	Emphasising innovation and novelty	• Innovative cultural actions become a reference point for the development of neighbourhood initiatives
Resources and infrastructures	Access to financial resources	• Private–public partnerships are signed • Sponsorship agreements are promoted by cultural institutions
	Access and activation of spaces and infrastructures	• Underused cultural venues are activated • New technological infrastructures are developed
Networks and partnerships	Political recognition and support	• The Municipality formally acknowledges the relevance of the initiatives launched
	Emergence and consolidation of collaborative schemes	• The Cultural Unit and the Urban Planning Department of the Municipality develop new forms of collaborations • A new network involving local cultural associations and institutions emerges