Figure 6.

Lactisole increases denatonium-induced cytosolic Ca²⁺ elevations and NO production. (a) Fluorescence images showing time course of denatonium-induced Ca²⁺ elevations in starting nuclei then persisting in the mitochondria in airway epithelial cells; original image summarizing our findings from [24]. (b) The 20 mM lactisole pretreatment (1 h) does not alter caspase 3/7 activity initiated by denatonium signaling pathways. (c) The 20 mM lactisole pretreatment (1 h) does not alter cell death initiated by denatonium signaling pathways as detected by propidium iodide staining. (d) No changes in baseline mitochondrial Ca²⁺ levels with 20 mM lactisole pretreatment (1 h) were observed in Beas-2B cells. (e) There were no significant changes in denatonium-induced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ elevations with 20 mM lactisole pretreatment (1 h) in Beas-2B cells. (f) The 20 mM lactisole pretreatment (1 h) increased denatonium-induced non-nuclear Ca²⁺ elevations and had no effect nuclear Ca²⁺ elevations. (g) Primary basal airway epithelial cells in the presence of 1x MEM AA and with 20 mM lactisole pretreatment (1 h) initiate NO production in response to 15 mM denatonium. Traces are representative of ≥3 experiments. Bar graphs containing two comparisons were analyzed via t-test; bar graphs containing >2 comparisons were analyzed via ANOVA using Bonferroni’s post-test for multiple comparisons * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 **** p < 0.0001, “n.s.” represents no significance.