Table 3.

Multi-scale phenotypic parameters used in plant architecture quantification.

Parameter Scale	Parameter Name	Identifiers	Description	Calculation Method
organ	Blade curvature	L bend	Quantify the overall curvature of the blade	Leaf base to leaf tip length/leaf length
	Stem and leaf angle	θ l	Quantify the degree of leaf uprightness	The angle of the stem vector and the leaf vector
3D phytomer	Phytomer envelope area	S phy	Quantification of the characteristics of the blade in the vertical direction with respect to the internodes	If there is no spike, the internode length × distance from the leaf tip point to the internode × maximum leaf width. If there is a spike, the total length of the internode and spike × distance from leaf tip point to internode × maximum leaf width
	Average internode length	N length	Quantifying the characteristics of leaves and internodes in space occupation	Distance between adjacent nodes
Single-stem	Single stem and vertical normal angle	θ s	Quantifying the degree of draping of single plants	Single stem and vertical vector angle
	Plant height	h	Plant height	Vertical height from the ground to the top of the spike
	Spike layer area	S area	Single plant spike layer area	Average spike layer area