TLR	toll-like receptor
FOS	Fructooligosaccharides
GOS	galactooligosaccharides
NEC	Necrotizing enterocolitis
NOD2	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2
LOS	Late-onset sepsis
AD	atopic dermatitis
ADHD	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ASD	autism spectrum disorders
HMOs	human milk oligosaccharides
GALT	gut-associated lymphoid tissue
DC	dendritic cells
sIgA	Secretory immunoglobulin A
IECs	intestinal epithelial cells
PRRs	pattern-recognition receptors
CLRs	C-type lectin receptors
RLR	RIG-I-like receptor
AIM2	Absent in melanoma 2 like receptors
OAS	oligoadenylate synthase receptor
AMPs	antimicrobial peptides
TGF β	transforming growth factor-β
IL	interleukin
IFN-γ	interferon-γ
Ig	immunoglobulin
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
QPS	Qualified Presumption of Safety
EFSA	European Food Safety Authority
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
PAMPs	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
TJs	tight junctions
LMWs	low molecular weight compounds