Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study sample.
| Total | 315 | N/A |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years)—mean ± SD (range) | 14.4 ± 1.2 (5.8–17.9) | 0 |
| Females—no. (%) | 281 (89.2) | 0 |
| Before COVID-19 pandemic—no. (%) | 77 (24.4) | 0 |
| Triage coding (blue or higher)—no. (%) | 245 (77.8) | 29 |
| Weight loss on admission (kg)—mean ± SD (range) | 11.4 ± 7.7 (0.5–40.0) | 46 |
| Weight loss to admission (months)—median ± IQR (5°–95°) | 4 ± 6 (0.7–12.0) | 40 |
| BMI on admission (value)—mean ± SD (range) | 15.5 ± 2.6 (9.0–32.0) | 1 |
| BMI on admission (percentile)—median ± IQR (5°–95°) | 0.7 ± 8.7 (0.1–55.0) | 1 |
Grade of thinness—no. (%)
|
109 (34.6) 70 (22.2) 136 (43.2) |
0 0 0 |
| LOS (days)—mean ± SD (range) | 21 ± 12 (1–70) | 39 |
| BMI at discharge (value)—mean ± SD (range) | 16.3 ± 2.6 (11.9–32.3) | 27 |
| BMI at discharge (percentile)—median ± IQR (5°–95°) | 2.5 ± 16.8 (0.1–56.2) | 27 |
| Follow-up (months)—median ± IQR (5°–95°) | 3 ± 5 (1–12) | - |
| Relapse—no. (%) Time to relapse (months)—median ± IQR (5°–95°) |
47 (14.9) 3.6 ± 8.0 (0.4–14.9) |
- - |
| 2° relapse—no. (%) Time to 2° relapse (months)—median ± IQR (5°–95°) |
6 (1.9) 5.0 ± 4.0 (0.6–12.9) |
- - |
| Menarche—no. (%) | 177 (56.2) | - |
| Amenorrhea—no. (%) Amenorrhea (months)—median ± IQR (5°–95°) |
164 (52.1) 5.4 ± 5.6 (0.3–16.2) |
- - |
| Psychiatric disorder *—no. (%) | 57 (18.1) | - |
| Suicidal ideation—no. (%) | 16 (5.1) | - |
| Depression—no. (%) | 26 (8.3) | - |
| Pericardial effusion—no. (%) | 19 (6.0) | - |
| Any comorbidity—no. (%) | 124 (39.4) | - |
| Vital Signs | ||
| Heart rate (bpm)—mean ± SD (range) | 63.7 ± 18.2 (33–128) | 14 |
| Bradycardic—no. (%) | 104 (33.0) | - |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)—mean ± SD (range) | 104 ± 12 (69–167) | 27 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)—mean ± SD (range) | 66 ± 9 (39–94) | 27 |
| Respiratory Rate (rpm)—mean ± SD (range) | 17 ± 3 (12–28) | 79 |
| Blood Gas Analysis | ||
| pH (value)—mean ± SD (range) | 7.36 ± 0.05 (7.20–7.52) | 127 |
| Base Excess (value)—mean ± SD (range) | 1.6 ± 4 (−15–13) | 130 |
| Lactate (mmol/L)—mean ± SD (range) | 1.2 ± 0.5 (0.2–3.7) | 214 |
| Laboratory workup | ||
| Azotemia (mg/dL)—mean ± SD (range) | 13 ± 5 (2–40) | 17 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL)—mean ± SD (range) | 0.7 ± 0.3 (0.03–1.4) | 16 |
| Hb (g/dL)—mean ± SD (range) | 13.5 ± 1.1 (9.1–16.7) | 16 |
| Albumin (g/dL)—mean ± SD (range) | 4.8 ± 0.4 (3.8–6.0) | 46 |
| Vitamin A (0.7–2.8 μM/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 1.4 ± 0.7 (0.4–4.1) | 156 |
| Vitamin B1 (32–95 ng/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 60.1 ± 36.0 (5.0–289) | 149 |
| Vitamin B6 (8.7–27.2 ng/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 36.2 ± 26.5 (5.2–203) | 148 |
| Vitamin B12 (197–711 pg/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 739 ± 422 (4–3100) | 106 |
| Folic acid (5–27.2 ng/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 8.4 ± 5.5 (1.8–40.3) | 127 |
| Vitamin C (26.1–84.6 μM/L)—mean ± SD (range) | 55.0 ± 46.5 (0.3–349) | 126 |
| Vitamin D (30–100 ng/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 26.9 ± 8.1 (5.3–54.8) | 98 |
| Vitamin E (12.7–39.4 μM/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 28.0 ± 26.5 (9.0–310) | 178 |
| TSH (0.51–4.30 μIU/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 2.20 ± 1.16 (0.06–6.70) | 76 |
| FT4 (0.98–1.64 ng/dL)—mean ± SD (range) | 1.13 ± 0.23 (0.57–2.11) | 77 |
| PRL (4–15 ng/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 14 ± 13 (0.6–74.1) | 182 |
| FSH (1.5–8.9 ng/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 3.2 ± 3.2 (0.3–18.1) | 228 |
| LH (0.7–17.8 mIU/L)—mean ± SD (range) | 2.0 ± 6.7 (0.3–66.8) | 200 |
| Cortisol (6.0–18.4 μg/dL)—mean ± SD (range) | 16.4 ± 5.2 (3.7–27.3) | 222 |
| ACTH (7.3–63.3 pg/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 23.5 ± 38.9 (2.3–357) | 228 |
| β-estradiol (12.4–398 ng/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 17.5 ± 36.0 (5.00–325) | 215 |
| Progesterone (0.05–14.5 ng/mL)—mean ± SD (range) | 0.37 ± 1.07 (0.05–9.31) | 240 |
| Testosterone (4.6–38.3 ng/dL)—mean ± SD (range) | 61.6 ± 126 (5.4–440) | 304 |
| Management | ||
| Intravenous fluids—no. (%) | 261 (82.9) | - |
| NGF—no. (%) Timing to NGF—median ± IQR (5°–95°) NGF duration—median ± IQR (5°–95°) NGF overnight—no. (%) NGF during daytime– no. (%) NGF all day—no. (%) |
101 (32.1) 5 ± 5 (0–17) 21 ± 13 (9–44) 60 (19.0) 26 (8.3) 2 (0.6) |
- - - - - |
| Outpatient psychotropic drug therapy—no. (%) | 73 (23.2) | - |
| Inpatient psychotropic drug therapy—no. (%) | 254 (80.6) | - |
| Aripiprazole—no. (%) | 215 (68.3) | - |
| Sertraline—no. (%) | 141 (44.8) | - |
| Fluoxetine—no. (%) | 29 (9.2) | - |
| Diazepam—no. (%) | 19 (6.0) | - |
| Other—no. (%) ** | 49 (15.7) | - |
| Guarding—no. (%) | 17 (5.4) | - |
| Brain MRI—no. (%) | 134 (42.5) | - |
| Pathologic brain MRI—no. (%) | 17 (5.4) | - |
* Psychiatric disorder other than eating disorder. ** Olanzapine n = 15 (4.8%), delorazepam n = 15 (4.8%), alprazolam n = 13 (4.1%), risperidone n = 6 (1.9), amitriptyline n = 3 (1.0%), lithium n = 3 (1.0%).