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. 2023 Jan 25;28(3):1192. doi: 10.3390/molecules28031192

Table 2.

The influence of phytocannabinoids on metabolic changes in skin cells and on skin function disorders resulting from skin diseases.

Phyto-
Cannabinoids		 Phyto-
Cannabinoid Concentration		 Tested Cells/
Method of Application (Skin/Skin Cells)		 Effects of Action Ref.
Psoriasis
in vivo examinations
CBD Ointment with CBD oil [retrospective studies] Applied to the skin
of patients
with psoriasis		 Increasing skin hydration, TEWL
and elasticity level		 [23]
ex vivo examinations
CBD 4 μM Keratinocytes
from skin
of psoriatic patients		 Weakening the effects of UVB radiation

  • Increased expression of Bcl2 apoptosis inhibitors,

  • Changed the expression of apoptosis markers (p38 and caspase 8),

  • Increased the level of 15-d-PGJ2 and PGE2,

  • Induced MDM2 synthesis.

 [77]
CBD 4 μM Keratinocytes
from skin
of psoriatic patients

  • Reduced ROS level,

  • Impact on changes in the level/activity of antioxidants,

  • Reduced oxidative stress and its consequences [decrease in the level of 8-isoprostanes, 4-HNE and 4-HNE-protein adducts],

  • Inhibited membrane transporters activity—MDR1, MRP, BCRP.

 [63]
in vitro examinations
CBG/CBN/Δ9-THC 100–200 mM Human keratinocytes
(HPV-16 E6/E7)		 Inhibition of keratinocytes proliferation [110]
Acne
in vitro examinations
CBC 0–10 μM Human sebocytes (SZ95)

  • Anti-inflammatory effect,

reduction of natural and induced AA
synthesis,		 [111]
THCV 0.1–10 μM Human sebocytes (SZ95)

  • Anti-inflammatory effect,

  • Inhibition of proliferation

 [111]
CBGV 0.1–10 μM Human sebocytes (SZ95)

  • Anti-inflammatory effect,

  • Increased synthesis of sebaceous lipids,

 [111]
Seborrhea
in vitro examinations
CBD 1–10 μM Human sebocytes (SZ95)
 Lipostatic effect

  • Inhibited lipogenesis, counteracting acne-inducing agents,

  • Increased expression of ARHGAP9.

Anti-proliferative action

  • Increase of intracellular Ca2+ levels through TRPV4 agonism,

  • Increased TRPV4 activation in initiating antiproliferative signaling cascade,

  • Decreased level of MKI67.

Anti-inflammatory effect

  • Changed expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 cathelicidin and TRIB3,

  • Inhibition of the p65-NFκB pathway,

  • RTeduced MKI67 marker expression.

 [112]
Allergic contact dermatitis
in vitro examinations
CBC 1–20 μM Keratinocytes (HaCaT) stimulated with poly-(I:C) Reduction of MCP-2, IL-6 and IL-8 levels [113]
Atopic dermatitis
in vivo examinations
CBD Ointment
with CBD oil
[retrospective studies]		 Applied to the skin
of patients

  • Reduced secretion of excessive skin sebum

  • Improved skin elasticity and hydration

 [23]

Abbreviations: 15-d-PGJ2—15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2; 4-HNE—4-hydroxynonenal; AA—arachidonic acid; Bcl-2—B-cell lymphoma 2; BCRP—breast cancer resistance protein; CB1—cannabinoid receptor 1; CB2—cannabinoid receptor 2; CBC—cannabichromene; CBD—cannabidiol; CBG—cannabigerol; CBGV—cannabigerovarin; CBN—cannabinol; IFNγ—Interferon gamma; IL-6—Interleukin 6; IL-8—Interleukin 8; MCP-1—monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MCP-2—monocyte chemoattractant protein 2; MDM2—E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2; MDR1—multidrug resistance protein 1; MRP—multidrug resistance protein; PGE2—prostaglandin E2; poly-(I: C)—polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; p-p38—phospho-Tyr182; ROS—reactive oxygen species; THC—tetrahydrocannabinol; THCV—tetrahydrocannabivarin; UV—ultraviolet irradiation.