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. 2023 Jan 17;23(3):1078. doi: 10.3390/s23031078

Table 1.

Comparison of features extracted methods with application to MI-based EEG signals.

EEG
Channels		 Analysis Time
Window		 Analysis
Method		 Characteristics Rhythm MI
Task
Yi et al. [2] C3, Cz, C4 10 s

  1. Short time Fourier transform

  2. Event-related spectral perturbation

  3. Power spectral entropy

  1. μ rhythm (7.5–12.5 Hz)

  2. Central beta rhythm (14–29 Hz)

 Three tasks of compound limb motor imagery (both hands, left hand combined with right foot, right hand combined with left foot) and rest state.
Bethel et al. [3] C3, C4 2.2 s

  1. Short time Fourier transform

  2. Time-frequency power spectral

 3–40 Hz Three tasks of right counter-clockwise by 90 degree (CCW) hand laterality test (HLT), left clock wise by 90 degree (CW) HLT, right CW HLT and left CCW HLT.
Meziania et al. [5] C3 2 s FFT

  1. Mu rhythm (8–12 Hz)

  2. Beta rhythm (18–25 Hz).

 Left hand movement
Cheng et al. [9] C3, Cz, C4 9 s

  1. Principal component analysis (PCA)

  2. Deep belief networks (DBN)

 0.5–30 Hz Left and right hands
Akbar et al. [10] C3, Cz, C4 1200 s Low-pass filter banks 0–5 Hz Hand movement
Andrade et al. [11] C3, C4, Cz, F1, P6 4 s

  1. Short time Fourier transform

  2. event related Spectral perturbation maps

  3. Time-frequency power spectral

 1.5–13 Hz
2.15–25 Hz		 Train disorders of action and intention understanding beyond simple imitation, such as autism.
Debarnot et al. [12] F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4 12 h The coherence power spectrum
revealed coherence peaks		 delta
(1–4 Hz)
band.
alpha
(8–12 Hz) bands		 Training administered during 12 h arm immobilization on subsequent resting-state
Lee et al. [22] C3 3 s

  1. EMD

  2. IMF

 8–13 Hz band Data driven information theoretic feature extraction
Yuyi et al. [23] C3, C4 3 s

  1. HHT

  2. Hilbert entropy.

 beta rhythm (18–25 Hz). Executing left and right-hand
Trad et al. [24] C3, C4 2 s

  1. EMD

  2. Band power methods

 mu rhythm
(8–12 Hz)
beta rhythm (18–25 Hz)		 BCI system design
Ortiz et al. [25] Fc1, Fcz, Fc2, C1, Cz, C2, CP1, CPz, CP2 100 s

  1. EMD

  2. IMF

 gamma, beta, alpha, theta, and delta rhythms. Lower-limb exoskeleton application
This study F5, F6 1 s

  1. EMD

  2. IMF

  3. IMFRFERDD, IMFRFMFERDD,

  4. IMFRFHSERDD

 delta,
theta
rhythms.		 Open fists and feet at the same time, as well as close fists and feet at the same time.