Table 3.

Cox hazard ratios [standard errors] of all-cause mortality by sleep duration and race/ethnicity, NHIS-LMF 2004–2015.

	Model 0		Model 1a		Model 2b		Model 3c
Sleep duration
7–9 h	ref		ref		ref		ref
5 to <7 h	0.88	***	1.06	**	1.02		1.04
	[0.02]		[0.02]		[0.02]		[0.02]
< 5 h	1.47	***	1.65	***	1.28	***	1.34	***
	[0.06]		[0.07]		[0.06]		[0.07]
> 9 h	3.86	***	2.01	***	1.77	***	1.88	***
	[0.10]		[0.05]		[0.05]		[0.06]
Race/ethnicity
White			ref		ref		ref
Black			1.16	***	0.97		1.04
			[0.03]		[0.02]		[0.03]
AIAN			1.33	*	1.17		1.14
			[0.15]		[0.13]		[0.17]
Asian			0.79	***	0.85	**	0.97
			[0.04]		[0.04]		[0.06]
Hispanic			0.98		0.85	***	0.92	*
			[0.03]		[0.03]		[0.04]
Interaction
5 to < 7 h * Black							0.92
							[0.05]
5 to < 7 h * AIAN							1.09
							[0.26]
5 to < 7 h * Asian							0.77	*
							[0.08]
5 to < 7 h * Hispanic							0.85	*
							[0.06]
< 5 h * Black							0.86
							[0.09]
< 5 h * AIAN							1.14
							[0.51]
< 5 h * Asian							0.93
							[0.25]
< 5 h * Hispanic							0.69	**
							[0.10]
> 9 h * Black							0.74	***
							[0.05]
> 9 h * AIAN							0.93
							[0.25]
> 9 h * Asian							0.59	**
							[0.10]
> 9 h * Hispanic							0.80	*
							[0.08]

N = 274,836; Deaths = 23,382.

*p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001.

^aModel 1 controls for age, age², sex.

^bModel 2 adds controls for region, marital status, education, employment, household poverty, and severe mental illness.

^cModel 3 includes all controls.

Source: IPUMS NHIS.