| Parameters | Description | Unit |
| PR (%) | phosphorus removal efficiency | [%] |
| qe,calc | equilibrium concentration of the adsorbed substance predicted by the isotherm model | [mg P/g] |
| qe | equilibrium concentration of the adsorbed substance | [mg P/g] |
| qm | maximum sorption capacity | [mg P/g] |
| qt | sorption capacity after time t | [mg P/g] |
| Ce | equilibrium concentration of the sorbed substance | [mg P/L] |
| K | equilibrium constant | [-] |
| n, m | heterogeneity parameters of the sorbent surface | [-] |
| t | time | [s] |
| Co | initial concentration of phosphorus | [mg P/L] |
| Ct | concentration of phosphorus after time t | [mg P/L] |
| V | volume of solution | [L] |
| M | mass of material | [g] |
| k1 | rate constant | [1/min], [g/(mg P·min)] |
| R2 | coefficient of determination | [-] |
| Adj R2 | adjusted coefficient of determination | [-] |
| z | corresponding variable | [-] |
| Abbreviation | Description | |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy | |
| SEM-EDS | scanning electron microscopy—energy dispersive spectroscopy | |
| BET | Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (the method of determination of the specific surface area) | |
| FT-IR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy | |
| RM | raw marl | |
| HM | heated marl at 1000℃ | |
| P | Polonite® |