Table 3.

Results on measured KPIs improvements.

KA1: Load factor	Value CA	Unit	Explanation	Improvement
	65.00	%	The sets of orders are assigned to the vehicles (CLOs) from the social graph, including the existing route plan. The optimal assignment of parcels to the vehicles is found by solving a network optimization model of the fleet with an existing route plan and additional constraints (capacity, pick-up locations, delivery locations, total route length), to create a vehicle dispatch plan. Dispatch plan = min (available vehicles, existing vehicle route plan, vehicle capacity, route lengths)	Yes 50.12%
	Baseline value	Unit	Explanation
	43.30	%	Average load factor per vehicle by processing ad hoc orders with additional fleet resources without creating new recommendations for rescheduling of the existing vehicle’s route plan.
KA2: Total route length	Value CA	Unit	Explanation	Improvement
	116	km/vehicle	The sets of orders are assigned to the vehicles (CLOs) from the social graph, including the existing route plan. The optimal assignment of parcels to the vehicles is found by solving a network optimization model of the fleet with an existing route plan and additional constraints (capacity, pick-up locations, delivery locations, total route length), to create a vehicle dispatch plan. Dispatch plan = min (available vehicles, existing vehicle route plan, vehicle capacity, route lengths)	Yes 12.12%
	Baseline value	Unit	Explanation
	132	km/vehicle	Average total route length by processing ad hoc orders with additional fleet resources without creating new recommendations for rescheduling of the vehicle’s existing route plan.
KA3: Fuel Consumption	Value CA	Unit	Explanation	Improvement
	9.28	L/vehicle	Same as in KA2. The total route length is multiplied by the average fuel consumption/km. Considering that all vehicles have the same average fuel consumption/km = 0.125 L/km.	Yes 12.12%
	Baseline value	Unit	Explanation
	10.56	L/vehicle	Same as in KA2 multiplied by average fuel consumption/km.
KA4: Response time upon ad-hoc orders	Value CA	Unit	Explanation	Improvement
	17.2	sec	The time needed to process the CA ad hoc request and create a recommendation response to process negotiation execution by CLOs. The setup with four vehicles in the pilot region.	No
	22.4	sec	The time needed to process the CA ad hoc request and create a recommendation response to process negotiation execution by CLOs. The setup with five vehicles in the pilot region.
	37.1	sec	The time needed to process the CA ad hoc request and create a recommendation response to process negotiation execution by CLOs. The setup with six vehicles in the pilot region.
KA5: Number of traffic events handled	Baseline Value	Unit	Explanation	Improvement
	4.69% CRO to SLO	%	Since the integrated TMS system does not include the Slovenia–Croatia region, the calculations of this KPI were focused only on measuring the number of events related to ad hoc requests, which the CA can handle, i.e., KA6. Thus, KA6 reflects the estimation of distribution elasticity gained by the new logistics system, and KA5 is omitted from the evaluation process.	n.a.
	18.70% SLO to CRO
KA6: Number of parcel pick-up/delivery events handled	Value CA	Unit (DD: daily delivery)	Explanation	Improvement
	23 6.38	parcel % DD	Calculated on 90% of total vehicles load capacity loaded with the existing daily plan (360 parcels on daily plan).	No
	36 11.12	parcel % DD	Calculated on 80% of total vehicles load capacity loaded with the existing daily plan (320 parcels on daily plan).
	62 22.14	parcel % DD	Calculated on 70% of total vehicle load capacity loaded with the existing daily plan (280 parcels on daily plan).
	104 43.33	parcel % DD	Calculated on 60% of total vehicle load capacity loaded with the existing daily plan (240 parcels on daily plan).
	177 88.50	parcel % DD	Calculated on 50% of total vehicle load capacity loaded with the existing daily plan (200 parcels on daily plan).
KA7: Total costs	Value CA	Unit (DD: daily delivery)	Explanation	Improvement
	0.596	EUR/parcel	The total costs represent the average costs for delivery vehicles per parcel delivered. The costs represent the costs for traveling the total route length divided by the number of delivered parcels. The total costs represent the average costs for the route traveled per parcel delivered. The KPI is calculated based on values from using CA event management. The average route length per vehicle was 116 km, and the average number of parcels was 175 (150 in the daily plan and 25 in ad hoc requests).	Yes 12.22%
	39.092	EUR/vehicle
	Baseline value	Unit	Explanation
	0.679	EUR/parcel	Average costs for route traveled per parcel delivered, calculated based on values for events management without CA. The average route length per vehicle was 132 km, and the average number of parcels was 175 (150 in the daily plan and 25 in ad hoc requests).
	44.484	EUR/vehicle