Table 4.
Recent advances in nanosystem-mediated modulation of PDAC stroma.
| Target | Strategy | Nanocarrier | Animal Model | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSCs | Calcipotriol | Self-assembled prodrug NPs | PSCs/AsPC-1 co-implanted orthotopic model | [73] |
| PSCs | Nitric oxide (NO) | NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)-loaded liposomes | PANC-1 and PSC subcutaneous and orthotopic model | [74] |
| CAFs | CAF-responsive | Thermosensitive liposomes | PAN02/NIH3T3 subcutaneous model | [75] |
| CAFs | α-Mangostin (α-M) | CREKA peptide-modified PEG–PLA nanoplatform | PANC-1/NIH3T3 subcutaneous model | [76] |
| TGF-β | Vactosertib (VAC) | Paclitaxel nanosphere-loaded VAC liposomes | PANC-1 orthotopic model | [77] |
| TGF-β | LY2109761 (a novel TGF-β receptor type I kinase inhibitor) | Alternating copolymer | PANC-1 orthotopic model | [78] |
| Endothelial cells | Transcytosis | Polymer–drug conjugate | BxPC-3 orthotropic tumor model | [79] |
| Endothelial cells | Transcytosis | Dendrimer–drug conjugate | BxPC-3 subcutaneous, orthotropic, and PDX subcutaneous tumor models | [80] |
| Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) | Fe(III)/Fe(II) | Tailored nanocomplex | KPC1199 orthotopic model | [81] |
| ECM | Collagenase | Collagenase-encapsulated liposomes | KPC orthotopic model | [82] |
| ECM | Collagenase | Collagenase-loaded hollow TiO2 NPs | PDX orthotopic model | [83] |