| BPE | Bulk Photovoltaic Effect |
| SQL | Shockley and Queisser Limit |
| PSC | Perovskite Solar Cell |
| Voc | Open Circuit Voltage |
| PCE | Power Conversion Efficiency |
| XRD | X-ray Diffractometer |
| SEM | Scanning Electron Microscope |
| AFM | Atomic Force Microscope |
| PPMS | Physical Property Measurement System |
| BPC | bulk photovoltaic current |
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