Table 3.
Association between EPDS scores at 1 month postpartum and ketone bodies.
| Group with EPDS Scores of ≥9 | Group with EPDS Scores <9 | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical data | |||
| Number of women | 7 | 92 | |
| Age, years | 29.7 (2.8) | 30.4 (4.0) | 0.679 |
| Height, m | 1.62 (0.05) | 1.59 (0.05) | 0.12 |
| Pre-pregnancy body weight, kg | 54.1 (3.6) | 53.0 (7.1) | 0.687 |
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index, kg/m2 | 20.7 (2.1) | 21.0 (2.4) | 0.757 |
| Body weight at delivery, kg | 63.5 (4.2) | 63.8 (7.8) | 0.934 |
| Body mass index at delivery, kg/m2 | 24.4 (2.7) | 25.3 (2.7) | 0.373 |
| Gestational age at delivery, week | 39.0 (1.1) | 39.3 (0.8) | 0.431 |
| Weight of baby at birth, kg | 47.9 (0.7) | 48.8 (1.6) | 0.154 |
| Height of baby at birth, cm | 3.00 (0.23) | 3.09 (0.32) | 0.435 |
| Head circumference of baby at birth, cm | 32.0 (1.3) | 32.4 (1.4) | 0.515 |
| Chest circumference of baby at birth, cm | 30.8 (1.3) | 31.6 (1.4) | 0.159 |
| Hematological factors during the second trimester | |||
| Values calculated during the second trimester, week | 26.6 [0.6] | 26.4 [0.7] | 0.512 |
| Total ketones, µmol/L | 67.5 [29.2–953] | 32.7 [11.5- 354] | <0.001 |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid, µmol/L | 39.5 [15.3−683] | 14.5 [5.4–230] | <0.001 |
| Acetoacetic acid, µmol/L | 29.0 [13.9−270] | 16.5 [4.7–124] | <0.001 |
| Hematological factors during the third trimester | |||
| Values calculated during the third trimester, week | 34.7 [0.57] | 34.8 [0.48] | 0.791 |
| Total ketones, µmol/L | 80.1 [49.7–367] | 74.0 [16.5–482] | 0.287 |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid, µmol/L | 51.3 [23.6–292] | 40.0 [8.4–370] | 0.249 |
| Acetoacetic acid, µmol/L | 28.8 [16.1–84.6] | 30.1 [7.2–115] | 0.469 |
| Hematological factors at postpartum day 1 | |||
| Total ketones, µmol/L | 26.8 [15.0–44.3] | 33.5 [11.7–165] | 0.258 |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid, µmol/L | 15.3 [10.8–31.7] | 19.0 [8.1–121] | 0.425 |
| Acetoacetic acid, µmol/L | 12.2 [3.3–16] | 15.1 [2.1–44.8] | 0.159 |
| Hematological factors at 1 month postpartum | |||
| The day of one month checkup, day | 31.3 [4.1] | 32.0 [3.6] | 0.627 |
| Total ketones, µmol/L | 36.9 [16.7–79.9] | 49.1 [19.2–606] | 0.222 |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid, µmol/L | 24.4 [9.6–59.6] | 30.8 [11.0–505] | 0.27 |
| Acetoacetic acid, µmol/L | 13.4 [7.1–20.3] | 4.2 [19.2–101] | 0.126 |
Clinical data are presented as the mean (±standard deviation). Hematological values are presented as the median [range]. EPDS, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale.