Table 1.

Summary of the Malaysian oil palm statistical data collected and used in this study.

Variable(s)	Unit	Periodicity	Duration	Source(s)
Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) yield	tonnes/hectare (t/ha)	Yearly	1975–2021 (N = 47 years)	[7,8,9]
Oil palm planted area	hectares (ha)	Yearly	1975–2021 (N = 47 years)	[7,8,9]
Oil extraction rate (OER)	percentage (%)	Yearly	1986–2021 (N = 36 years)	[7,8,9]
Crude palm oil (CPO) price	United States Dollar/tonne (USD/t)	Monthly	January 1986–December 2021 (N = 432 months)	[35]

FFB are the raw products harvested from the oil palm trees, while CPO is the oil extracted from the flesh of the fruit [5]. The monthly CPO price, which was originally in Malaysian Ringgit/tonne (MYR/t), was converted to USD (1 USD = 4.4496 MYR) [13].