Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to the SI
| Characteristics | Total (n = 306) |
P | Frequent exacerbators (n = 106) |
P | Non-frequent exacerbators (n = 200) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| low SI (SI < 91.75, n = 153) |
high SI (SI ≥ 91.75, n = 153) |
low SI (SI < 82.94, n = 53) |
high SI (SI ≥ 82.94, n = 53) |
low SI (SI < 101.41, n = 100) |
high SI (SI ≥ 101.41, n = 100) |
||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 72.08 ± 7.12 | 70.5 ± 7.01 | 0.051 | 71.51 ± 7.6 | 70.87 ± 7.06 | 0.653 | 71.9 ± 6.85 | 70.8 ± 7.13 | 0.267 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 18.65 ± 3.22 | 21.23 ± 3.45 | < 0.001 | 18.08 ± 2.88 | 20.38 ± 4.14 | 0.001 | 19.36 ± 3.19 | 21.26 ± 3.43 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 126 (82.4) | 134 (87.6) | 0.201 | 43(81.1) | 47(88.7) | 0.278 | 81(81) | 89(89.0) | 0.113 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 32 (20.9) | 34 (22.2) | 0.781 | 12(22.6) | 9(17.0) | 0.465 | 17(17) | 28(28.0) | 0.063 |
| FEV1% predicted, mean ± SD | 40.53 ± 17.17 | 45.01 ± 18.29 | 0.028 | 38.61 ± 17.66 | 36.47 ± 14.97 | 0.502 | 43.88 ± 17.19 | 47.2 ± 18.8 | 0.193 |
| WBC (× 10^9/L), mean ± SD | 8.28 ± 3.68 | 8.46 ± 3.21 | 0.636 | 9.08 ± 4.07 | 8.2 ± 2.99 | 0.206 | 8.06 ± 3.54 | 8.39 ± 3.22 | 0.494 |
| CRP (mg/L), mean ± SD | 23.21 ± 43.55 | 18.45 ± 36.83 | 0.302 | 21.65 ± 45.26 | 34.18 ± 56.14 | 0.209 | 16.82 ± 29.32 | 17.32 ± 36.02 | 0.914 |
| ALB (g/L), mean ± SD | 37.29 ± 4.05 | 39.53 ± 4.27 | < 0.001 | 37.01 ± 3.52 | 38.26 ± 4.56 | 0.119 | 37.53 ± 4.34 | 40.10 ± 4.00 | < 0.001 |
| CAT, mean ± SD | 19.45 ± 6.18 | 15.92 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 | 20.62 ± 5.83 | 19.43 ± 7.13 | 0.350 | 17.01 ± 6.43 | 15.87 ± 5.77 | 0.188 |
| GOLD, n (%) | 0.007 | 0.918 | 0.135 | ||||||
| 1–2 | 34 (22.2) | 58 (37.9) | 9 (17.0) | 10 (18.7) | 0.800 | 30 (30) | 43 (43.0) | 0.056 | |
| 3–4 | 119 (77.8) | 95 (62.1) | 43 (81.1) | 44 (83.0) | 0.800 | 70 (70) | 57 (57.0) | 0.056 | |
| mMRC, n (%) | 0.018 | 0.423 | 0.616 | ||||||
| 0–2 | 82 (53.6) | 96 (62.7) | 25 (47.2) | 29 (54.7) | 60 (60.0) | 64 (64.0) | |||
| 3–4 | 71 (46.4) | 57(37.3) | 28 (52.8) | 24 (45.3) | 40 (40) | 36 (36.0) | |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||
| Diabetes | 13(8.5) | 12(7.8) | 0.835 | 6(11.3) | 5(9.4) | 0.750 | 6(6) | 8(8.0) | 0.579 |
| Hypertension | 42(27.5) | 38(24.8) | 0.603 | 13(24.5) | 15(28.3) | 0.659 | 23(23) | 29(29.0) | 0.333 |
| Coronary Disease | 14(9.2) | 17(11.1) | 0.570 | 4(7.5) | 6(11.3) | 0.506 | 10(10) | 11(11.0) | 0.818 |
| Arrhythmia | 24(15.7) | 13(8.5) | 0.054 | 7(13.2) | 9(17.0) | 0.587 | 12(12) | 9(9.0) | 0.489 |
SI Sarcopenia index, BMI Body mass index, FEV1% predicted: Percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, WBC White blood cells, CRP C-reactive protein, ALB Albumin, GOLD Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, CAT COPD Assessment Test, mMRC modified Medical Research Council, SD Standard deviation
GOLD grade 1–2: FEV1% predicted ≥ 50%; GOLD grade 3–4: FEV1% predicted < 50%