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. 2023 Jan 18;13(3):385. doi: 10.3390/nano13030385

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Schematic diagram for the PAT-HNG device. (b) Output voltage and current of the device under piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid modes. (c) Schematic diagram of the device and SEM image of NEFS fiber arrays deposited on the PCB substrate. (d) Output voltage of PTCNG. (e) XRD diagram of ZnO and Li-ZnO. (f) Response of PTCNG and current response of PTCNG under applied load of 0.039 J and enlarged response of applied load of 0.039 J. (g) Surface SEM images of PVDF films. (h) Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of PDMS and PDMS: GQD films and XRD pattern of PVDF films before and after modification with TiO2 nanoparticle. (i) The phase transformation process of PVDF-TrFE under hot pressing and liquid nitrogen quenching, structure diagram of the PTNG, and surface and cross-section SEM images of the aerogel bulk. (j) The optimal output voltage and current of the quenched PANI/PVDF-TrFE PTNG. (k) Cashew nut as a source for the production of cardanol oil, and chemical structure of cardanol with the indication of the polar group and lipophilic chains. (l) Open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current generated by the PTCNG, under finger tapping (~2 N, ~5 Hz) and with a 10 MΩ probe.

(a) Schematic diagram for the PAT-HNG device. (b) Output voltage and current of the device under piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid modes. (c) Schematic diagram of the device and SEM image of NEFS fiber arrays deposited on the PCB substrate. (d) Output voltage of PTCNG. (e) XRD diagram of ZnO and Li-ZnO. (f) Response of PTCNG and current response of PTCNG under applied load of 0.039 J and enlarged response of applied load of 0.039 J. (g) Surface SEM images of PVDF films. (h) Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of PDMS and PDMS: GQD films and XRD pattern of PVDF films before and after modification with TiO2 nanoparticle. (i) The phase transformation process of PVDF-TrFE under hot pressing and liquid nitrogen quenching, structure diagram of the PTNG, and surface and cross-section SEM images of the aerogel bulk. (j) The optimal output voltage and current of the quenched PANI/PVDF-TrFE PTNG. (k) Cashew nut as a source for the production of cardanol oil, and chemical structure of cardanol with the indication of the polar group and lipophilic chains. (l) Open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current generated by the PTCNG, under finger tapping (~2 N, ~5 Hz) and with a 10 MΩ probe.