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Main antioxidant mechanisms of NAR. (1) stabilizing free radicals (FR) due to transfer of hydrogen atoms and chelating metal ions. (2) Protecting lipid membranes by influencing their structure, hydration and fluidity, minimizing interactions between FR and lipids. (3) Modulating the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway to induce gene transcription of the endogenous antioxidant system.
