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. 2023 Feb 2;28(3):1450. doi: 10.3390/molecules28031450

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Potential mechanisms by which phenolic compounds can modulate GLP-1. (1) The ileum and terminal colon contain the highest density of enteroendocrine L-type cells that synthesize and secrete GLP-1. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ferulic acid, genistein, rutin and hispidulin have shown the ability to increase GLP-1 secretion. (2) Extracts of phenolic compounds increase mRNA expression of the proglucagon gene (GLP-1 precursor). (3) Rutin inhibits the activity of DPP-IV, which inactivates GLP-1, thereby increasing in circulating half-life. (4) Puerarin increases mRNA expression of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and signaling. (5) Increased serum GLP-1 after consuming phenolic compounds results in an anorexigenic effect and suppression of body weight gain in vivo.