Table 2.
Effects of diets on pain symptoms measured by Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) and Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS).
| First Author of Article | Dietary Variable or Intervention | Length of Intervention | FIQ/FIQR c | VAS d | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End | ||||||||
| Azad | Vegetarian | 6 weeks | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 5.0 ± 1.8 * | |||||
| Control | 6 weeks | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 1.3 * | ||||||
| Cross-sectional | Cross-sectional | ||||||||
| Correa-Rodríguez a | Anti-Inflammatory diet: DII score Quartile 1 | N/A | 70.5 ± 13.3 | 7.20 ± 1.64 | |||||
| Quartile 2 | 79.9 ± 10.5 | 7.91 ± 1.57 | |||||||
| Quartile 3 | 69.2 ± 20.1 | 7.48 ± 2.10 | |||||||
| Quartile 4 | 71.9 ± 15.4 | 7.40 ± 1.14 | |||||||
| Baseline | 2 months | End | Baseline | 2 months | End | ||||
| Donaldson | Raw Vegetarian | 7 months | 51.4 ± 14.2 | 33.6 ± 15.6 | 27.6 ± 19.0 * | ||||
| Baseline | Middle | End | |||||||
| Hänninen b | Living Food | 3 months | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.2 * | ||||
| Control | 3 months | 5.8 | 4.8 | 6.5 | |||||
| Baseline | End | Baseline | End | ||||||
| Holton | Dietary Additive Excitotoxin Elimination | 4 weeks | 58.6 | 36.4 * | 13.1 | 7.7 * | |||
| Baseline | End | ||||||||
| Lamb | Control | 4 weeks | 46.3 ± 3.4 | 43.6 ± 5.1 | |||||
| Modified Elimination | 4 weeks | 36.6 ± 8.2 | |||||||
| Baseline | End | Baseline | End | ||||||
| Marum | Low FODMAP | 4 weeks | 61.6 | 47.9 * | 6.6 | 4.9 * | |||
| Baseline | End | Baseline | End | ||||||
| Rodrigo | Gluten-Free | 1 year | 74.3 ± 2.9 | 36.6 ± 4.0 * | 8.0 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 1.0 * | |||
| Baseline | End | ||||||||
| Senna | Energy-restricted | 6 months | 54.6 ± 13.1 | 47 ± 5.1 * | |||||
| Control | 6 months | 53.2 ± 11.55 | 51.6 ± 9.4 | ||||||
| Baseline | End | ||||||||
| Slim | Gluten-Free | 24 weeks | 69.5 ± 16.3 | 60.3 ± 19.6 | |||||
| Hypocaloric (Control) | 24 weeks | 70.4 ± 16.1 | 61.7 ± 22.2 | ||||||
| Baseline | End | ||||||||
| Pagliai | Khorasan Wheat Replacement | 8 weeks | 54.3 | 42.06 * | |||||
| Control | 8 weeks | 54.06 | 53.87 | ||||||
| Baseline | 1 month | 2 months | End | ||||||
| Vellisca | Control | 3 months | 5.63 ± 0.86 | 5.41 ± 0.73 | 5.05 ± 0.82 | 5.31 ± 0.88 | |||
| Dietary Additive Excitotoxin Elimination | 3 months | 5.58 ± 0.91 | 5.05 ± 0.82 | 4.88 ± 0.97 | 5.15 ± 0.95 | ||||
a Both diet and pain symptoms were measured at the same time due to a cross-sectional study design. b Values were estimated based on the graph for Hänninen study. c FIQ 1991 version (FIQ) were used in Donaldson, Lamb and Rodrigo studies. d VAS scores were reported with a range 0–10 cm, except for a range 0–20 cm for Holton and a range 0–7 cm for Vellisca studies. * Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05).