Table 21.

The use of intracranial volume for prediction of shunt response in iNPH

Study	Sample size	Radiological methodology	Cutoff level	Image specification	Image plane	Main reported outcomes
Palm et al. [42]	n = 26	•4 variables were obtained: intracranial volume (parenchyma and CSF), total brain volume, ventricular CSF volume lateral, third, and fourth ventricles), and extra ventricular CSF volume. The latter 3 were used as a ratio to total intracranial volume	•N/A	•Dual spin-echo (proton attenuation and T2-weighted) images.0.5 T for 7 (26.9%) or 1.5 T for 19 (73.1%)	•N/A	•There was no significant difference between SR and SNR in any 4 of the variables obtained
Yamamoto et al. [63]	n = 16	•Using voxel-based morphology to measure CSF areas. Measured volume of ventricles and sylvian fissures (vVS) and volume of sub-arachnoid space at the high/ midline convexity (HCM). Calculated vVS/HCM ratio as measure of brain deformation	•N/A	•1.5 T MRI with a T1-weighted gradient echo sequence	•Sagittal	•Pre-shunting, the vHCM and vVS were negatively correlated (r = –0.59, p = 0.01)

Studies included assessing the use of any advanced imaging radiological marker as predictor of shunt responsiveness. SR, shunt response; S-NR, shunt non-response; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; vVS, volume of ventricles and sylvian fissures; HCM, high/midline convexity