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. 2023 Feb 11;14:779. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36550-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Schematic illustration of the preparation of CD particles. b TEM images of Nano-CD in pH 7.4 or pH 5.0. c Particle size and zeta potential (d) of Nano-CD in pH 7.4 or pH 5.0. e Agarose gel electrophoresis of pDNA in PEI_PT and Nano-CD (Lane 1, DNA ladder; lane 2, naked plasmid; lane 3–8, PEI_PT@pDNA at mass ratios of 1: 1, 2: 1, 5: 1, 10: 1, 15: 1 and 20: 1, respectively; lane 9, Nano-dCas9 (20: 5: 1); lane 10, Nano-CD (20: 5: 1) and lane 11, Nano-CD (20: 5: 1) in pH 5.0). f qPCR analysis for sgRNA screening (n = 3 biological replicates per group) and GSDME expression (n = 5 biological replicates per group). g, h CC3, GSDME, GSDME-N, β-actin expression with different treatments by Western Blots assay. i FCM assay of apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining (n = 4 biological replicates per group). In panels f, h and i, data are presented as the mean ± s.d. and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests.